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Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions with 100% Verified
Answers UPDATED!!!
How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of
nausea? what and where are the receptors locate?) - ANSWER
Antiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) which
suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located
near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier
When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWER At least 1 hour
before symptoms
List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their
mechanism and potential side effects. - ANSWER -
anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission
- antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1
receptors on CTZ
- dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ
- serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and
CTZ
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What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op
nausea? - ANSWER It works as aromatherapy
What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following?
A patient recoverin from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A
patient with a slow transit time. A patient who requires bowel
preparation before surgery. - ANSWER Myocardial Infarction:
stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and
valsalva's maneuver
Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which
decreases the stool transit time
Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of
hyperosmotic laxatives which are fast working
What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives,
hyperosmotic laxatives, saline cathartics, and bulk-forming
laxatives? - ANSWER stimulant laxatives: can't be administered
with antacids --> causes premature dissolution in the stomach,
GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent
hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance
saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose
electrolytes
bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid
discomfort
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When should diarrhea be treated? - ANSWER at onset of
symptoms
What are the causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER - infection
- viral
- bacteria
- absorption issues
- stress alters the motility of feces
- irritable bowel syndrome
- sorbital containing medications
- enteral feedings
What is ORT (oral rehydration therapy)? When should it be
used? - ANSWER Replaces water and electrolytes in patients
with diarrhea. It should be used at the onset of diarrhea.
What is the BRAT diet? When should it be used and when
should it not be used? - ANSWER Bananas, rice, applesauce,
tea/toast. It should be used for diarrhea right after ORT and not
used in pediatric patients
Nursing 3100 Final Exam Questions with 100% Verified
Answers UPDATED!!!
How do antiemetics work? (i.e. what is the physiology of
nausea? what and where are the receptors locate?) - ANSWER
Antiemetics block the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) which
suppresses nausea and vomitting. These receptors are located
near the medulla, outside the Blood Brain Barrier
When should antiemetics be given? - ANSWER At least 1 hour
before symptoms
List at least 4 classes of antiemetic agents. State their
mechanism and potential side effects. - ANSWER -
anticholinergic: inhibits vagal transmission
- antihistamine: anticholinergic properties and block H1
receptors on CTZ
- dopamine receptor blockers: block receptors in CTZ
- serotonin receptor blockers: block receptors in stomach and
CTZ
,2|Page
What is the effect of isopropyl alcohol on preventing post-op
nausea? - ANSWER It works as aromatherapy
What would be the laxative of choice for each of the following?
A patient recoverin from acute myocardial infarction (MI). A
patient with a slow transit time. A patient who requires bowel
preparation before surgery. - ANSWER Myocardial Infarction:
stool softener (Colace) because it avoids arrhythmia and
valsalva's maneuver
Slow transit time: fiber and bulk forming laxative which
decreases the stool transit time
Bowel Preparation before surgery: increase doses of
hyperosmotic laxatives which are fast working
What are the possible side effects of stimulant laxatives,
hyperosmotic laxatives, saline cathartics, and bulk-forming
laxatives? - ANSWER stimulant laxatives: can't be administered
with antacids --> causes premature dissolution in the stomach,
GI distress, cathartic habit, patients could become dependent
hyperosmotic laxatives: electrolyte imbalance
saline cathartics: suppresses bowel reflex causing you to lose
electrolytes
bulk-forming laxatives: increase dose gradually to avoid
discomfort
, 3|Page
When should diarrhea be treated? - ANSWER at onset of
symptoms
What are the causes of diarrhea? - ANSWER - infection
- viral
- bacteria
- absorption issues
- stress alters the motility of feces
- irritable bowel syndrome
- sorbital containing medications
- enteral feedings
What is ORT (oral rehydration therapy)? When should it be
used? - ANSWER Replaces water and electrolytes in patients
with diarrhea. It should be used at the onset of diarrhea.
What is the BRAT diet? When should it be used and when
should it not be used? - ANSWER Bananas, rice, applesauce,
tea/toast. It should be used for diarrhea right after ORT and not
used in pediatric patients
