RNSG 2539 EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Liver - ANS Where most blood coagulation factors are synthesized (except Factor VIII)
Roles of the Liver - ANS Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and produces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
- Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glycogen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
Hepatic portal vein - ANS
What happens with cirrhosis of liver? - ANS ↓ Blood Glucose
↑ Ammonia
Clotting issues
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
↑ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
pg. 1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Normal Albumin levels - ANS 3.5-5
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* - ANS Nutritional deficiency with reduced protein intake
contributes to liver destruction in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake is the major causative
factor in fatty liver and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis - ANS Liver dysfunction can lead to diminished
amounts of the factors needed to maintain coagulation and hemostasis.
Liver Disease causes - ANS - Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ↑ fat collection in liver
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Anticholinergic medications - ANS Used for pain management of Pancreatitis
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation
Vitamin K - ANS - Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis - ANS collapse of alveoli
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding* - ANS - Pancreas swelling
- Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
pg. 2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANS *↑ Amylase & Lipase*
1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANS 1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
*Cystic Fibrosis*
↑ Calcium
↑ Cholesterol
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms* - ANS - Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain of LUQ
- Hurts most when lying flat
↑ HR, Fever, ↓BP
↑ Glucose, ↑ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration umbilicus
Pancreatic enzymes - ANS
Protease - ANS Enzyme that digests protein
Amylase - ANS Breaks down carbs to glucose
56-90 IU/L
Lipase - ANS Breaks down fats
0-110 units/L
pg. 3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Liver - ANS Where most blood coagulation factors are synthesized (except Factor VIII)
Roles of the Liver - ANS Metabolizes, detoxifies, stores, and produces
- Turns glycogen to glucose
- Turns ammonia into urea
- Stores B12, A, C, E, D, K, Iron, & Glycogen
- Albumin (maintains oncotic pressure)
- Detoxifies drugs
- metabolism of estrogen
Hepatic portal vein - ANS
What happens with cirrhosis of liver? - ANS ↓ Blood Glucose
↑ Ammonia
Clotting issues
Jaundice
Clay-colored stools
↑ Estrogen (Gynecomastia)
pg. 1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,Normal Albumin levels - ANS 3.5-5
*Liver Failure - Nutrition* - ANS Nutritional deficiency with reduced protein intake
contributes to liver destruction in cirrhosis, but excessive alcohol intake is the major causative
factor in fatty liver and its consequences.
Liver Disease in relation to hemostasis - ANS Liver dysfunction can lead to diminished
amounts of the factors needed to maintain coagulation and hemostasis.
Liver Disease causes - ANS - Viral infection: Hep C & B
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- ↑ fat collection in liver
- Bile duct problems
- Diabetes
- Autoimmune
Anticholinergic medications - ANS Used for pain management of Pancreatitis
- Block acetylcholine receptors--> increases HR, BP, bronchodilation
Vitamin K - ANS - Synthesis of many coagulation factors
- Deficient in malnourished patients
- Prolonged antibiotic use diminishes the production
Atelectasis from Acute pancreatitis - ANS collapse of alveoli
Pancreatitis * Diagnostic Finding* - ANS - Pancreas swelling
- Blood sugar issues
- Malabsorption
- GI: pain, diarrhea, oily stool
pg. 2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, - Ascites
- Fibrosis, systs, abscesses, rupture
Acute Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANS *↑ Amylase & Lipase*
1) Gallstones
2) Alcohol Abuse
Chronic Pancreatitis *Causes* - ANS 1) Chronic inflammation to the pancreas
2) Years and years of alcohol abuse
*Cystic Fibrosis*
↑ Calcium
↑ Cholesterol
Pancreatitis *Signs/Symptoms* - ANS - Sudden, very painful mid-epigastric pain of LUQ
- Hurts most when lying flat
↑ HR, Fever, ↓BP
↑ Glucose, ↑ Amylase and Lipase
- Cullen's sign: bluish discoloration umbilicus
Pancreatic enzymes - ANS
Protease - ANS Enzyme that digests protein
Amylase - ANS Breaks down carbs to glucose
56-90 IU/L
Lipase - ANS Breaks down fats
0-110 units/L
pg. 3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
