ONS ONCC Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Certificate Exam
Questions With Correct Answers
Lesson |1: |Foundations |to |Set |the |Stage
What |is |the |cell |cycle
The |cell |cycle |is |the |ordered |series |of |processes |of |DNA |replication |and |mitosis |or |cell
|division
What |are |the |two |phases |of |the |cell |cycle
| interphase |and |mitotic |phase
During |interphase:
A |typical |cell |spends |most |of |its |life |in |interphase, |it |is |the |metabolic |phase |where |the
|cell |obtains |nutritional |requirements |and |metabolizes |them, |grows |and |replicates |its
|DNA |in |preparation |of |mitosis. |It |has |the |following |three |steps:
1: |First |growth |phase |(G1 |or |first |gap)
2: | Synthesis | phase | (S | phase)
3:Second |growth |phase |( |G2 |or |second |gap)
First |Growth |Phase |(G1 |or |first |gap)
-cells |increase |in |size
,-reproduce | RNA
-"quality |assurance" |test |that |the |cell |will |be |ready |to |synthesis |DNA
-Length |of |time |is |variable, |can |be |from |hours |to |days
Synthesis |Phase |(S |phase)
-DNA | replicates
-Results |in |the |formation |of |identical |pairs |of |DNA |(chromatids) |attached |to |a |centromere
-lasts | 10-20 | hours
Second |Growth |Phase |( |G2 |or |second |gap)
-RNA |and |protein |Synthesis
- last |2-10 |hours
Mitotic | Phase | (M | phase)
,-Replicated |chromosomes |are |aligned, |separated, |and |move |into |2 |new, |identical
|daughter |cells
-takes |about |30-60 |minutes
How |many |steps |in |the |Mitotic |Phase |4
| steps |in |the |mitotic |phase
- |Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase
-Telophase
| Cytokenesis |( |C |phase)
division |of |cytoplasm |and |organelles
Major |points |of |cell |regulation |are |entry |and |exit |from
-G1 |checkpoint
-S |Phase
-G2 |checkpoint
-M |phase
Restriction |Point
|
-The |transition |from |the |resting |phase |into |an |actively |dividing |phase |(G0-G1) |is |a |point |where
|cellular |transformation |can |occur
-During |this |period, |the |cells |pass |through |a |transition |period |known |as |a |restriction |point
-Extracellular |growth |factors |provoke |reentry |into |G1 |and |GF |are |required |to |advance |the
|cells |past |the |restriction |point |or |the |point |of |no |return
G0 | Phase-resting | phase
, -At |the |conclusion |of |mitosis |the |cells |can |either |reenter |the |G1 |phase |or |enter |a |resting
|phase |known |as |G0
-Most |cells |in |the |human |body |are |in |G0
-Exceptions |to |this |are |those |that |are |out |of |the |cell |cycle |Resting |in |G0 |phase
-Exceptions |to |this |are |those |that |are |metabollically |active, |such |as
-granulocytes
-and |the |epithelium |of |the |GI |tract
Cell |Cycling |Time
Amount |of |time |from |mitosis |to |mitosis
Check |points |in |the |Cell |Cycle: |Keeping |it |All |Under |Control
-The |cell |cycle |is |carefully |controlled |through |a |series |of |checkpoints
Variation |in |duplication |or |distribution |of |chromosomes |at |the |time |of |cell |division |may
|alter |genetic |information |passed |on |to |daughter |cells, |thus |leading |to |cellular
|dysfunction |and |disease, |such |as |cancer.
DNA |integrity |and |passage |through |mitosis |are |checked |through |checkpoints.
Questions With Correct Answers
Lesson |1: |Foundations |to |Set |the |Stage
What |is |the |cell |cycle
The |cell |cycle |is |the |ordered |series |of |processes |of |DNA |replication |and |mitosis |or |cell
|division
What |are |the |two |phases |of |the |cell |cycle
| interphase |and |mitotic |phase
During |interphase:
A |typical |cell |spends |most |of |its |life |in |interphase, |it |is |the |metabolic |phase |where |the
|cell |obtains |nutritional |requirements |and |metabolizes |them, |grows |and |replicates |its
|DNA |in |preparation |of |mitosis. |It |has |the |following |three |steps:
1: |First |growth |phase |(G1 |or |first |gap)
2: | Synthesis | phase | (S | phase)
3:Second |growth |phase |( |G2 |or |second |gap)
First |Growth |Phase |(G1 |or |first |gap)
-cells |increase |in |size
,-reproduce | RNA
-"quality |assurance" |test |that |the |cell |will |be |ready |to |synthesis |DNA
-Length |of |time |is |variable, |can |be |from |hours |to |days
Synthesis |Phase |(S |phase)
-DNA | replicates
-Results |in |the |formation |of |identical |pairs |of |DNA |(chromatids) |attached |to |a |centromere
-lasts | 10-20 | hours
Second |Growth |Phase |( |G2 |or |second |gap)
-RNA |and |protein |Synthesis
- last |2-10 |hours
Mitotic | Phase | (M | phase)
,-Replicated |chromosomes |are |aligned, |separated, |and |move |into |2 |new, |identical
|daughter |cells
-takes |about |30-60 |minutes
How |many |steps |in |the |Mitotic |Phase |4
| steps |in |the |mitotic |phase
- |Prophase
- Anaphase
- Metaphase
-Telophase
| Cytokenesis |( |C |phase)
division |of |cytoplasm |and |organelles
Major |points |of |cell |regulation |are |entry |and |exit |from
-G1 |checkpoint
-S |Phase
-G2 |checkpoint
-M |phase
Restriction |Point
|
-The |transition |from |the |resting |phase |into |an |actively |dividing |phase |(G0-G1) |is |a |point |where
|cellular |transformation |can |occur
-During |this |period, |the |cells |pass |through |a |transition |period |known |as |a |restriction |point
-Extracellular |growth |factors |provoke |reentry |into |G1 |and |GF |are |required |to |advance |the
|cells |past |the |restriction |point |or |the |point |of |no |return
G0 | Phase-resting | phase
, -At |the |conclusion |of |mitosis |the |cells |can |either |reenter |the |G1 |phase |or |enter |a |resting
|phase |known |as |G0
-Most |cells |in |the |human |body |are |in |G0
-Exceptions |to |this |are |those |that |are |out |of |the |cell |cycle |Resting |in |G0 |phase
-Exceptions |to |this |are |those |that |are |metabollically |active, |such |as
-granulocytes
-and |the |epithelium |of |the |GI |tract
Cell |Cycling |Time
Amount |of |time |from |mitosis |to |mitosis
Check |points |in |the |Cell |Cycle: |Keeping |it |All |Under |Control
-The |cell |cycle |is |carefully |controlled |through |a |series |of |checkpoints
Variation |in |duplication |or |distribution |of |chromosomes |at |the |time |of |cell |division |may
|alter |genetic |information |passed |on |to |daughter |cells, |thus |leading |to |cellular
|dysfunction |and |disease, |such |as |cancer.
DNA |integrity |and |passage |through |mitosis |are |checked |through |checkpoints.
