Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
1. How does hypoalbu- Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka
minemia affect the protein) = increased adverse effects
process of prescribing?
2. What is a Black Box is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
Warning:
3. What is the drugs Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an adminis-
half-life? tered drug to be halfway cleared from the system.
4. Peak of action: the time between drug administration and maximum concentration of
drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
5. Duration of action: the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the
minimum needed for an effect. The length of time you have the drug in
your system.
6. According to the WHO The first step is to define the patient's problem
what is the first
step in the prescribing
process?
7. The second step is to specify the therapeutic objective
8. The third step is to choose which drug or treatment is needed.
9. Step 4 of the WHO ap- Start the treatment
proach:
10. Step 5 of the WHO ap- Educate the patient
proach:
11. Step 6 of the WHO ap- Monitor the treatment
proach:
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
12. Phase 1 of drug devel- The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
opment:
13. Phase 2 of drug devel- trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to
opment: be effective
14. Phase 3 of drug devel- Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug
opment: in phase 3. This larger sampling provides information about infrequent
or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a new drug application if
phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
15. Phase 4 of drug devel- This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's
opment: therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical
company receives reports from doctors and other health care profession-
als about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the drug. Some
medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and have been
removed from the market after their initial release.
16. Explain first pass me- much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes
tabolism many drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
17. What is the fasted The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly
route of absorption: considered the IV administration.
18. Why does the GI tract The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through
take longer to absorb? these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
19. What is One particu- the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which
lar cellular barrier that form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally per-
may prevent absorp- meable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a
tion of a given drug? molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are
charged.
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
20. What is solubility? Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral species.
Some molecules have special exchange proteins and channels to facili-
tate movement from the lumen into the circulation.
21. Why does absorption Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane
occur at a slower rate systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
for oral, IM, SQ routes?
22. The ability of a drug to whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily
cross a cell membrane cross through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble
depends on: drugs can also cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
23. As a drug travels proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can remain free
through the body, it or bind to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is
comes in contact with? inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound,
portion remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-bound if more
than 80% of the drug is bound to protein.
24. Identify drug metabo- CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism ac-
lism and the role of counting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
isoenzymes in the p450
system
25. Naturally occurring For example, bioactive compounds found in grapefruit juice and some
compounds may in- other fruit juices including dihydroxy forgotten and parasitin A have been
duce or inhibit CYP ac- found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated metabolism of certain medications
tivity. leading to increased bioavailability and the strong possibility of overdos-
ing.
26. What does grapefruit Grapefruit is an inhibitor and will decrease the metabolism of drugs by
have to do with CYP? the cyp enzymes
27.
and CORRECT Answers
1. How does hypoalbu- Low albumin = more free drug (bc the drug can't bind to albumin aka
minemia affect the protein) = increased adverse effects
process of prescribing?
2. What is a Black Box is considered a contraindication to administer that drug.
Warning:
3. What is the drugs Half-life specifically means the amount of time it takes for an adminis-
half-life? tered drug to be halfway cleared from the system.
4. Peak of action: the time between drug administration and maximum concentration of
drug in the blood stream. Best therapeutic effect.
5. Duration of action: the time between onset of action and metabolism of drug below the
minimum needed for an effect. The length of time you have the drug in
your system.
6. According to the WHO The first step is to define the patient's problem
what is the first
step in the prescribing
process?
7. The second step is to specify the therapeutic objective
8. The third step is to choose which drug or treatment is needed.
9. Step 4 of the WHO ap- Start the treatment
proach:
10. Step 5 of the WHO ap- Educate the patient
proach:
11. Step 6 of the WHO ap- Monitor the treatment
proach:
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
12. Phase 1 of drug devel- The drug is tested on healthy volunteers
opment:
13. Phase 2 of drug devel- trials with people who have the disease for which the drug is thought to
opment: be effective
14. Phase 3 of drug devel- Large numbers of patients in medical research centers receive the drug
opment: in phase 3. This larger sampling provides information about infrequent
or rare adverse effects. The FFA will approve a new drug application if
phase 3 studies are satisfactory.
15. Phase 4 of drug devel- This phase is voluntary and involves postmarket surveillance of the drug's
opment: therapeutic effects at the completion of phase 3. The pharmaceutical
company receives reports from doctors and other health care profession-
als about the therapeutic results and adverse effects of the drug. Some
medications, for example, have been found to be toxic and have been
removed from the market after their initial release.
16. Explain first pass me- much of the drug is lost in the absorption process. The liver metabolizes
tabolism many drugs, thus reduces the bioavailabilty of the drug.
17. What is the fasted The fastest route of absorption is inhalation, and not as mistakenly
route of absorption: considered the IV administration.
18. Why does the GI tract The GI tract is lined with epithelial cells; drugs must permeate through
take longer to absorb? these cells in order to be absorbed into the circulatory system.
19. What is One particu- the cell membrane. Cell membranes are essentially lipid bilayers which
lar cellular barrier that form a semipermeable membrane. Pure lipid bilayers are generally per-
may prevent absorp- meable only to small and uncharged solutes, hence whether or not a
tion of a given drug? molecule is ionized will affect its absorption, since ionic molecules are
charged.
, Nurs 615 Pharm Exam 1 – Maryville UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
20. What is solubility? Solubility favors charged species, permeability favors neutral species.
Some molecules have special exchange proteins and channels to facili-
tate movement from the lumen into the circulation.
21. Why does absorption Absorption occurs at a slower rate because the complex membrane
occur at a slower rate systems of GI mucosal layers, muscle, and skin delay drug passage.
for oral, IM, SQ routes?
22. The ability of a drug to whether the drug is water or lipid (fat) soluble. Lipid-soluble drugs easily
cross a cell membrane cross through cell membranes; water-soluble drugs can't. Lipid-soluble
depends on: drugs can also cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the brain.
23. As a drug travels proteins such as the plasma protein albumin. The drug can remain free
through the body, it or bind to the protein. The portion of a drug that's bound to a protein is
comes in contact with? inactive and can't exert a therapeutic effect. Only the free, or unbound,
portion remains active. A drug is said to be highly protein-bound if more
than 80% of the drug is bound to protein.
24. Identify drug metabo- CYPs are the are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism ac-
lism and the role of counting for about 75% of the total metabolism.
isoenzymes in the p450
system
25. Naturally occurring For example, bioactive compounds found in grapefruit juice and some
compounds may in- other fruit juices including dihydroxy forgotten and parasitin A have been
duce or inhibit CYP ac- found to inhibit CYP3a4 mediated metabolism of certain medications
tivity. leading to increased bioavailability and the strong possibility of overdos-
ing.
26. What does grapefruit Grapefruit is an inhibitor and will decrease the metabolism of drugs by
have to do with CYP? the cyp enzymes
27.
