NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
1. What are the cel- 1.movement
lular functions? 2.conductivity
3.metabolic absorption
4.secretion
5.excretion 6.respiration 7.reproduction 8.communication
2. What are glyco- surface markers AKA antigens
proteins?
3. Are epithelial They have an apical side and a basal side, a specific orientation for things to be
cells polarized? transported into or out of the cell
And what does
that mean?
4. What are neu- Cell communication
rons specialized
for?
5. What does com- Rhythmic contraction and movement
munication be-
tween muscle
cells produce?
6. What are the Support and protection
major functions
of connective tis-
sues?
7. What are the 1. Collagen - tendons, cornea, bone, blood vessels- provide structure
2 types of pro- 2.Elastin- ligaments, stretch like a rubber band
teins that make
up connective tis-
sues?
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
8. What is the pri- Synthesis of bone matrix - highly specialized
mary function of
osteoblasts?
9. What are and Fat cells - To store excess energy
what is the pri-
mary function of
adipocytes?
10. What is adipoge- the development and maturing of adipocytes into adipose tissue
nesis?
11. What are germ Cells that give rise to reproduction - sperm and egg
cells?
12. Why are red Allows for binding of oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration
blood cells vital
for human life
and existence?
13. Do RBCs have a No, they lose their nucleus when they mature , one of the few cells with no nucleus
nucleus?
14. What is impor- Where genes and DNA are stored, coiled around nucleosomes. Early process of
tant about the making proteins begins here
nucleus?
15. How do we get Central Dogma of Biology
from DNA to pro- DNA- Transcription (Nucleus)
teins? ---->
mRNA- Translation (Ribosome)
---->
Amino Acids
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
---->
Proteins
16. Explain what oc- The unwinding of the DNA, and a template being made from that (transcription)
curs in the nucle-
us.
17. What happens The template is moved out of the nucelus to the Endoplasmic reticulum
after transcrip-
tion?
18. What happens at The mRNA strand undergoes translation at the ribosome
the Endoplasmic
Reticulum?
19. What does the ri- Reads mRNA and codes for the protein
bosome do?
20. What happens at proteins are sent here from the ribosome and are packaged or positioned to be
the Golgi Com- released to where it will eventually be used
plex?
21. Why are mito- Primary role is cellular respiration ; they use oxygen to make energy
chondria impor-
tant?
22. What are Lyso- membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes; they clean up old
somes? or dysfunctional cells
23. What are peroxi- Break down fatty acids and free radicals. Important in metabolic reactions, if
somes? altered, it can alter the amount of energy available. Their lipid bilayer contains
a variety of different enzymes
24. Catalyst in Hydrogen Peroxide
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Why are they
called peroxi-
somes?
25. Why is cellular O2 is central and needed in converting ADP to ATP
metabolism im-
portant?
26. What is the pri- ATP
mary ingredient
for the sodi-
um potassium
ATPase pump?
27. What direction For every 3 sodium pumped OUT , 2 potassium is pumped IN, in order to regulate
does sodium and water balance
potassium move
in regards to the
cell?
28. What happens in No ATP= no water regulation= no salt being pumped out = intracellular edema.
anaerobic condi- Cell will lys and rupture
tions?
29. Describe the Phospholipid bilayer, polar head and nonpolar tail. Hydrophobic outside, hy-
plasma mem- drophilic inside
brane
30. List what can 1. Receptors- ligands can bind here
be inserted into 2.Carb or lipid chains
the plasma mem- 3. Ion channels- such as Na channels, K channels
brane
CORRECT Answers
1. What are the cel- 1.movement
lular functions? 2.conductivity
3.metabolic absorption
4.secretion
5.excretion 6.respiration 7.reproduction 8.communication
2. What are glyco- surface markers AKA antigens
proteins?
3. Are epithelial They have an apical side and a basal side, a specific orientation for things to be
cells polarized? transported into or out of the cell
And what does
that mean?
4. What are neu- Cell communication
rons specialized
for?
5. What does com- Rhythmic contraction and movement
munication be-
tween muscle
cells produce?
6. What are the Support and protection
major functions
of connective tis-
sues?
7. What are the 1. Collagen - tendons, cornea, bone, blood vessels- provide structure
2 types of pro- 2.Elastin- ligaments, stretch like a rubber band
teins that make
up connective tis-
sues?
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
8. What is the pri- Synthesis of bone matrix - highly specialized
mary function of
osteoblasts?
9. What are and Fat cells - To store excess energy
what is the pri-
mary function of
adipocytes?
10. What is adipoge- the development and maturing of adipocytes into adipose tissue
nesis?
11. What are germ Cells that give rise to reproduction - sperm and egg
cells?
12. Why are red Allows for binding of oxygen and allows for aerobic respiration
blood cells vital
for human life
and existence?
13. Do RBCs have a No, they lose their nucleus when they mature , one of the few cells with no nucleus
nucleus?
14. What is impor- Where genes and DNA are stored, coiled around nucleosomes. Early process of
tant about the making proteins begins here
nucleus?
15. How do we get Central Dogma of Biology
from DNA to pro- DNA- Transcription (Nucleus)
teins? ---->
mRNA- Translation (Ribosome)
---->
Amino Acids
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
---->
Proteins
16. Explain what oc- The unwinding of the DNA, and a template being made from that (transcription)
curs in the nucle-
us.
17. What happens The template is moved out of the nucelus to the Endoplasmic reticulum
after transcrip-
tion?
18. What happens at The mRNA strand undergoes translation at the ribosome
the Endoplasmic
Reticulum?
19. What does the ri- Reads mRNA and codes for the protein
bosome do?
20. What happens at proteins are sent here from the ribosome and are packaged or positioned to be
the Golgi Com- released to where it will eventually be used
plex?
21. Why are mito- Primary role is cellular respiration ; they use oxygen to make energy
chondria impor-
tant?
22. What are Lyso- membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes; they clean up old
somes? or dysfunctional cells
23. What are peroxi- Break down fatty acids and free radicals. Important in metabolic reactions, if
somes? altered, it can alter the amount of energy available. Their lipid bilayer contains
a variety of different enzymes
24. Catalyst in Hydrogen Peroxide
, NUR 315 Pathophysiology UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Why are they
called peroxi-
somes?
25. Why is cellular O2 is central and needed in converting ADP to ATP
metabolism im-
portant?
26. What is the pri- ATP
mary ingredient
for the sodi-
um potassium
ATPase pump?
27. What direction For every 3 sodium pumped OUT , 2 potassium is pumped IN, in order to regulate
does sodium and water balance
potassium move
in regards to the
cell?
28. What happens in No ATP= no water regulation= no salt being pumped out = intracellular edema.
anaerobic condi- Cell will lys and rupture
tions?
29. Describe the Phospholipid bilayer, polar head and nonpolar tail. Hydrophobic outside, hy-
plasma mem- drophilic inside
brane
30. List what can 1. Receptors- ligands can bind here
be inserted into 2.Carb or lipid chains
the plasma mem- 3. Ion channels- such as Na channels, K channels
brane
