ALU 301 Chapter 4 Infectious Diseases UPDATED ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
1. Germ theory Developed by Pasteur & Koch
2. Koch's Postulates -Same pathogen must be found in all diseased individuals with the same symp-
toms
-Pathogen must be isolated and grown in a culture
-Same disease must be induced in experimetntal animal by transfer of culture
-Once disease develops, the pathogen must be isolated from experimental animal
3. Dr. Lister Carbolic acid as an antiseptic
4. Sulfonamide 1935 1st antibiotic
5. WWII Accelerated the discovery of other abx
6. Reservoir Native habitat where infection lives and multiplies
7. 4 types of reser- -symptomatic individuals
voirs -carriers
-animals
-water/food/soil/air/fomites (innate object)
8. Infectious dis- -virus enters cell for reproduction
ease process -viruses often inhibit immune system
-Bacteria produce toxins that damage host cells
-Inflammatory response triggered by immune response
9. Direct Detection -see under a microscope
Method -Gram stain/acid-fast stain
10. Gram positive -Thick cell walls take up stain
-Strep & Staph
-Penicillin most effective
11. Gram Negative
, -thin walls surrounded by outer membrane
-Pseudomonas & E. coli
12. Acid Fast Stain -retains dye after being washed in acid
-mycobacterium (TB & leprosy)
13. Culture & Sensi- -Grow microbe in agar
tivity -Uses living cells
-Suspected virus is culture medium
-Also used to test abx
14. Immunodiagno- -testing for presence in serum of antibodies produced by immune system
sis -Hep A, B, C & H. Pylori
15. Nucleic Acid -Identify & detect infective organisms
Probes -Monitor response to therapy (viral load)
-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies single DNA molecule into billions
16. Bacteria -single celled
-10,000 species
-cause dz., aid digestion, nitrogen fixation in plants
-organic decomposition
-produce vinegar, cheese, alcohol and abx
-Can be symbiotic with humans
-Genetic engineering (pancreas to produce insulin)
17. Cocci spherical
18. bacilli rod shaped
19. spirochetes spiral
20. Vibrios comma shaped
and CORRECT Answers
1. Germ theory Developed by Pasteur & Koch
2. Koch's Postulates -Same pathogen must be found in all diseased individuals with the same symp-
toms
-Pathogen must be isolated and grown in a culture
-Same disease must be induced in experimetntal animal by transfer of culture
-Once disease develops, the pathogen must be isolated from experimental animal
3. Dr. Lister Carbolic acid as an antiseptic
4. Sulfonamide 1935 1st antibiotic
5. WWII Accelerated the discovery of other abx
6. Reservoir Native habitat where infection lives and multiplies
7. 4 types of reser- -symptomatic individuals
voirs -carriers
-animals
-water/food/soil/air/fomites (innate object)
8. Infectious dis- -virus enters cell for reproduction
ease process -viruses often inhibit immune system
-Bacteria produce toxins that damage host cells
-Inflammatory response triggered by immune response
9. Direct Detection -see under a microscope
Method -Gram stain/acid-fast stain
10. Gram positive -Thick cell walls take up stain
-Strep & Staph
-Penicillin most effective
11. Gram Negative
, -thin walls surrounded by outer membrane
-Pseudomonas & E. coli
12. Acid Fast Stain -retains dye after being washed in acid
-mycobacterium (TB & leprosy)
13. Culture & Sensi- -Grow microbe in agar
tivity -Uses living cells
-Suspected virus is culture medium
-Also used to test abx
14. Immunodiagno- -testing for presence in serum of antibodies produced by immune system
sis -Hep A, B, C & H. Pylori
15. Nucleic Acid -Identify & detect infective organisms
Probes -Monitor response to therapy (viral load)
-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies single DNA molecule into billions
16. Bacteria -single celled
-10,000 species
-cause dz., aid digestion, nitrogen fixation in plants
-organic decomposition
-produce vinegar, cheese, alcohol and abx
-Can be symbiotic with humans
-Genetic engineering (pancreas to produce insulin)
17. Cocci spherical
18. bacilli rod shaped
19. spirochetes spiral
20. Vibrios comma shaped
