NRSG 2350 Exam 3 Questions With Complete Solutions
(Prednisone) Glucocorticoids Correct Answer
Glucocorticoids: Prednisone* Cortisone Hydrocortisone (Cortef)
Actions: Regulate glucose levels Anti-inflammatory effects
Block immune function for autoimmune diseases Increase
protein breakdown Side Effects: Salt Water/weight Infection
SUGAR Sex - gynecomastia, hirsutism Nursing Considerations:
Hold if patient has infection Caution: diabetes, stomach ulcers
Patient Teaching: Do not stop abruptly → leads to adrenal
insufficiency Avoid infections Monitor weights/blood glucose
Take with meals
acute Correct Answer SOB, increased RR, accessory muscles,
lip pursing
Acute cystisis Correct Answer bladder infection, bacteria
adhere to bladder walls
hematuria (cloudy urine)
Acute kidney injury Correct Answer Acute Kidney Injury
(Acute Renal Failure)
Abrupt reduction in kidney function
Pre-Renal ○ Impaired blood flow
Acute Tubular Necrosis (Intrarenal) ○ Necrosis ○ Vascular
disorders ○ Acute glomerulonephritis ○ Drugs (-mycins)
Hypovolemia
Obstructive = Post-Renal, Rare, Obstruction must affect both
kidneys S&S
Low output
Increased BUN, Creatinine
,Underlying cause Treatment
Treat cause
Hydrate
Monitor electrolytes
Dialysis if needed (temp)
Addison's disease Correct Answer adrenal suppresion by
exogenous steroid use
autoimmune destruction, Primary insufficiency of adrenal cortex
(no hormones produced by adrenal gland)
Manifestations: Dehydration Weakness Fatigue Hypoglycemia
Orthostatic hypotension Treatment: Corticosteroid
replacement**Hydrocortisone**
Teaching: Lifelong therapy High carb & protein diet High
sodium foods Non-stressful environment S&S adrenal crisis
Diagnostic Tests: Adrenocortical hormone levels ACTH levels +
stimulation test Addisonian Crisis: Acute renal failure, sudden
onset Caused by stopping corticosteroids abruptly Coma, shock,
seizures
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Correct Answer Hormone made
in hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, that
controls permeability of collecting duct in walls of kidneys
Albuterol Correct Answer beta adrenergic agonist; the generic
form of the brand-name drugs Proventil, ProAir, and Ventolin,
which are used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Albuterol can quickly
relieve shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest
tightness
, Antibiotics are Correct Answer Used to specifically treat
UTIs ○ Gram negative bacteria ● Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin,
Furadantin) ○ Older drug ○ Used for chronic UTIs ●
Fosfomycin (Monurol) ○ *ONE TIME DOSE* ● Some GI
adverse effects ○ N/V/D/cramping ● Other antibiotics not
specific to UTIs
Antihistamines First Generation: Correct Answer
Benadryl/Diphenhydramine Second Generation:
Loratadine/Claritin Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay
fever) Allergic rxns Motion sickness Parkinson's Actions: Open
airways Antihistaminic Anticholinergic Sedative Antipruritic
Contraindications: Respiratory disease due to thickening of
bronchial secretions Nursing Considerations: Monitor for
anticholinergic effects 1st Generation: central effect, greater
sedative effects (drowsy) 2nd generation: Non-drowsy, anti-
allergic, greater anticholinergic effects **Use 2nd generation for
elders** (can cause paradoxical reactions in children)
antithyroid agents Correct Answer Thioamides
(Propylthiouracil & Methimazole) Actions Indications
Contraindications Adverse Effects Popylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole Block the formation of thyroid hormones in the
thyroid gland to lower serum levels of thyroid hormone (PTU)
Inhibit t4 to t3 conversion (T4 = Thyroxine hormone T3 =
Triiodothyronine hormone) (this is for methimazole)
Hyperthyroidism -Liver disease -Kids -pregnant/lactating -anti
coag/beta blockers -liver toxicity (PTU) -Oversuppression of
thyroid which leads to lethargy, bradycardia, NVD
(Prednisone) Glucocorticoids Correct Answer
Glucocorticoids: Prednisone* Cortisone Hydrocortisone (Cortef)
Actions: Regulate glucose levels Anti-inflammatory effects
Block immune function for autoimmune diseases Increase
protein breakdown Side Effects: Salt Water/weight Infection
SUGAR Sex - gynecomastia, hirsutism Nursing Considerations:
Hold if patient has infection Caution: diabetes, stomach ulcers
Patient Teaching: Do not stop abruptly → leads to adrenal
insufficiency Avoid infections Monitor weights/blood glucose
Take with meals
acute Correct Answer SOB, increased RR, accessory muscles,
lip pursing
Acute cystisis Correct Answer bladder infection, bacteria
adhere to bladder walls
hematuria (cloudy urine)
Acute kidney injury Correct Answer Acute Kidney Injury
(Acute Renal Failure)
Abrupt reduction in kidney function
Pre-Renal ○ Impaired blood flow
Acute Tubular Necrosis (Intrarenal) ○ Necrosis ○ Vascular
disorders ○ Acute glomerulonephritis ○ Drugs (-mycins)
Hypovolemia
Obstructive = Post-Renal, Rare, Obstruction must affect both
kidneys S&S
Low output
Increased BUN, Creatinine
,Underlying cause Treatment
Treat cause
Hydrate
Monitor electrolytes
Dialysis if needed (temp)
Addison's disease Correct Answer adrenal suppresion by
exogenous steroid use
autoimmune destruction, Primary insufficiency of adrenal cortex
(no hormones produced by adrenal gland)
Manifestations: Dehydration Weakness Fatigue Hypoglycemia
Orthostatic hypotension Treatment: Corticosteroid
replacement**Hydrocortisone**
Teaching: Lifelong therapy High carb & protein diet High
sodium foods Non-stressful environment S&S adrenal crisis
Diagnostic Tests: Adrenocortical hormone levels ACTH levels +
stimulation test Addisonian Crisis: Acute renal failure, sudden
onset Caused by stopping corticosteroids abruptly Coma, shock,
seizures
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) Correct Answer Hormone made
in hypothalamus, stored and released from pituitary gland, that
controls permeability of collecting duct in walls of kidneys
Albuterol Correct Answer beta adrenergic agonist; the generic
form of the brand-name drugs Proventil, ProAir, and Ventolin,
which are used to treat lung diseases such as asthma and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Albuterol can quickly
relieve shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, and chest
tightness
, Antibiotics are Correct Answer Used to specifically treat
UTIs ○ Gram negative bacteria ● Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin,
Furadantin) ○ Older drug ○ Used for chronic UTIs ●
Fosfomycin (Monurol) ○ *ONE TIME DOSE* ● Some GI
adverse effects ○ N/V/D/cramping ● Other antibiotics not
specific to UTIs
Antihistamines First Generation: Correct Answer
Benadryl/Diphenhydramine Second Generation:
Loratadine/Claritin Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay
fever) Allergic rxns Motion sickness Parkinson's Actions: Open
airways Antihistaminic Anticholinergic Sedative Antipruritic
Contraindications: Respiratory disease due to thickening of
bronchial secretions Nursing Considerations: Monitor for
anticholinergic effects 1st Generation: central effect, greater
sedative effects (drowsy) 2nd generation: Non-drowsy, anti-
allergic, greater anticholinergic effects **Use 2nd generation for
elders** (can cause paradoxical reactions in children)
antithyroid agents Correct Answer Thioamides
(Propylthiouracil & Methimazole) Actions Indications
Contraindications Adverse Effects Popylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole Block the formation of thyroid hormones in the
thyroid gland to lower serum levels of thyroid hormone (PTU)
Inhibit t4 to t3 conversion (T4 = Thyroxine hormone T3 =
Triiodothyronine hormone) (this is for methimazole)
Hyperthyroidism -Liver disease -Kids -pregnant/lactating -anti
coag/beta blockers -liver toxicity (PTU) -Oversuppression of
thyroid which leads to lethargy, bradycardia, NVD
