pathophysiology 11 edition

,1. At an international nursingconference, manydiscussions andbreakout sessionsfocuse d on
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theWorld Health Organization(WHO)views on health. Of thefollowingcommentsmade by
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nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be considered a good
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representationoftheWHOdefinition?Selectallthatapply.
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A) Interestsinkeepingtheelderlypopulationengagedinsuchactivitiesasbook f
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reviews and wordgamesduringsocialtime
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B) Increaseinthenumberofchairaerobicsclassesprovidedintheskilled care vf




facilities m




C) Interventions gearedtowardkeepingtheelderlypopulationdiagnosedwithdiab vf




etesmellitusundertightbloodglucosecontrolbyprovidingin-
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homecookingclasses f
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D) Providingtransportationforrenaldialysis patients toandfromtheirhemodialysis vf vf m




sessions m




E) ProvidinghandwashingteachingsessionstoagroupofyoungchildrenAns:A, B vf vf vf vf




,C,E
Feedback:
TheWHOdefinitionofhealthisdefined as―astateofcompletephysical,mental,and
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socialwell-
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beingandnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseand infirmity.‖ Engaginginbook reviews
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facilitatesmentalandsocialwell-being;chairaerobicshelpsfacilitatephysicalwell-being;
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and assistingwithtightcontrolofdiabeteshelpswithfacilitatingphysicalwell-beingeven
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thoughtheperson hasachronicdisease. Handwashingisvitalinthepreven tionofdisease
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andspreadofgerms.
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2. Acommunityhealthnurseisteachingagroupofrecent graduatesaboutthelarge m m




varietyoffactors that influenceanindividual's healthorlackthereof.Thenurseis
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referringtotheHealthyPeople2020reportfromtheU.S.DepartmentofHealthand
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HumanServicesas ateachingexample.Ofthefollowingaspectsdiscussed,which
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wouldbeconsideredadeterminantofhealththatisoutsidethefocus ofthisrep ort?
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A) Theclient has adiversebackgroundbybeingofAsianandNativeAmerican m m m m




descentandpracticesvariousalternativetherapiestominimizeeffectsofstress
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.
B) Theclienthasafamilyhistoryofcardiovasculardiseaserelatedtohyperc
holesterolemia andremainsnoncompliantwiththe treatment regime.
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C) Theclienthasagoodcareerwithexceptionalpreventativehealthcarebenefits. vf vf m vf vf




D) Theclientlivesinanaffluent,clean,suburbancommunitywithaccesstomany vf vf vf vf vf




healthcarefacilities.m




Ans:B m




Feedback:
InHealthyPeople2020,thefocusistopromotegoodhealthtoall(suchasusingalternative
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mtherapies tominimizeeffects ofstress);achievinghealthequityandpromoting healthfor vf m m vf




all(whichincludeshaving goodhealthcarebenefits);andpromoting goodhealth(which
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includeslivinginacleancommunitywithgoodaccesstohealthcare).Aclient's
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noncompliancewithtreatmentstocontrolhighcholesterollevelswithinthepresenceofa
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mfamilyhistoryof CVdiseasedoesnotmeetthe―attaininglivesfreeofpreventabledisease vf m




andprematuredeath‖determinant.
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3. Aphysicianisprovidingcareforanumberofpatients ona medicalunitofalarge, un
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miversityhospital.Thephysicianisdiscussingwithacolleaguethedifferentiationbetween m m




mdiseasesthatarecausedbyabnormalmoleculesanddiseasesthatcausedisease.Whichof
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mthefollowingpatientsmostclearlydemonstratestheconsequencesofmoleculesthatcause
mdisease?
A) A31-year-
oldwomanwithsicklecellanemiawhoisreceivingatransfusionofpacked red vf vf




bloodcells m




B) A91-year-
oldwomanwhohasexperienced anischemicstrokeresultingfromfamilialh
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ypercholesterolemia
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C) A19-year-
oldmanwithexacerbationofhiscysticfibrosisrequiringoxygentherapya nd m vf




chestphysiotherapy
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D) A30-year-
oldhomelessmanwhohas Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia(PCP)andis HIVp
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ositive. m




Ans:D m




Feedback:
PCPis an example of the effect of amolecule that directlycontributes to disease. Sickl e cell
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manemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of th e effects
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mofabnormalmolecules.
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4. Amemberofthehealth careteamis researchingtheetiologyandpathogenesis ofa m m m




numberofclientswhoareunderhiscareinahospitalcontext.Whichofthefollowing
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aspectsofclients'situationsbNesUtRchSaIraNctGerTizBe.spCaOthMogenesis
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ratherthanetiology? A)AclientwhohasbeenexposedtotheMycobacteriumtuber
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culosisbacterium
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B) Aclientwhohasincreasingserumammonialevelsduetolivercirrhosis
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C) Aclientwhowasadmitted withtheeffectsofmethyl alcohol poisoning
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D) AclientwithmultipleskeletalinjuriessecondarytoamotorvehicleaccidentAns vf vf b




:B m




Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as the in
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creasing ammonia levels that accompanyliver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and traumati c
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injuriesareexamplesofetiologic factors.
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5. Anewmyocardialinfarctionpatientrequiringangioplastyandstentplacementhasarrived
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tohisfirstcardiacrehabilitationappointment.Inthisfirstsession,areviewofthe
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pathogenesisofcoronaryarterydiseaseisaddressed.Whichstatementbythepatientve
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rifiestothenursethathehasunderstoodthenurse'steachingsaboutcoronaryarterydi m




sease?
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A) ―AllI havetodoisstopsmoking,and then Iwon'thaveanymoreheartattacks.‖
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B) ―Myarterywascloggedbyfat,soIwillneedtostopeatingfattyfoodslike vf vf m m




Frenchfrieseveryday.‖
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C) ―Soundslikethisbeganbecauseofinflammationinsidemyarterythatmadei

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t easytoformfattystreaks,whichlead tomyclogged artery.‖
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