NSG552 / NSG 552 Exam 2 latest with questions and
streamlined answers
Anticholinergics side effects in the elderly - correct answer Eyes: Blurred vision, dry eyes, dry
mouth, bowel-constipation
Skin: flushing, unable to sweat, overheating,
Brain: Drowsiness, dizziness
Interllectual disability Disorde(IDD) - correct answer Impaired cognitive and adaptive/social
functioning.
•Deficits in intellectual functioning (i.e. reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking,
judgement and learning)
•Deficits in adaptive functioning i.e. communication, social participation and independent living.
•Severity is mild, moderate, severe and profound
Causes: Genetic (Down syndrome); Prenatal (rubella, herpes simplex etc.) Perinatal (Anoxia,
prematurity, birth trauma) and Postnatal (malnutrition, toxin exposure, trauma)
Management: Behavioral Therapy
Caution with patients with IDD as they may not be able to self-report drug-related problems.
Treatment of ADHD - correct answer •The first-line pharmacological tx are stimulants which help to
increase DA in PFC
•These also, notably, can increase DA in the nucleus accumbens and reward circuitry
•Treatment: Multimodal(i.e., Medications + educational and behavioral interventions)
•1st line: Stimulants (methylphenidate compounds, dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts)=
Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall (Scchedule II)
MOA: Increase DA in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and reward circuitry
ADHD treatment - correct answer •2nd line: Alpha-2 agonists (Clonidine, guanfacine)
, •****Monitor Height, weight, BP, CBC w/ diff; Pulse quarterly (Height and weight d/t risk of growth
restriction)
•In healthy individuals, it is not necessary to obtain an EKG prior to initiating a stimulant
•Prescription Monitoring Program should be checked
•Note: With stimulants, evidence of growth suppression is not clear, seems transient and resolves in
mid-adolescence
•
•Note: If a child is taking their medication twice daily (i.e. at home and school) and parents request to
solely administer the medication= consider switching to an extended release form (e.g.
Methylphenidate CD= extended release)
ADHD treatment: Considering non-stimulant(factors to consider) - correct answer •Stimulants are
not working well to control ADHD symptoms
•Stimulants cause too many side effects (often intolerable) - e.g. anxiety
•The child or teen has problems with substance abuse
•The child or teen has a medical condition for which stimulants cannot be used - e.g. tic disorder
•Adjunctive therapy for stimulants
ADHD nonstimulant medications - correct answer Atomoxetine (Strattera); Bupropion (Wellbutrin) ;
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (Clonidine, Guanfacine)
Autism Spectrum Disorder - correct answer •Characterized by impairments in social
communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive behaviors/interests
•4:1 ration (male/female)
•Recognized ages 12-24 months
Autism Spectrum Disorder - correct answer •Treatment Approach
•Early intervention, behavioral therapy, psychoeducation
•Alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, guanfacine) and low dose atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone, Abilify)= to
help reduce disruptive behaviors, aggression and irritability
•Melatonin for sleep,
streamlined answers
Anticholinergics side effects in the elderly - correct answer Eyes: Blurred vision, dry eyes, dry
mouth, bowel-constipation
Skin: flushing, unable to sweat, overheating,
Brain: Drowsiness, dizziness
Interllectual disability Disorde(IDD) - correct answer Impaired cognitive and adaptive/social
functioning.
•Deficits in intellectual functioning (i.e. reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking,
judgement and learning)
•Deficits in adaptive functioning i.e. communication, social participation and independent living.
•Severity is mild, moderate, severe and profound
Causes: Genetic (Down syndrome); Prenatal (rubella, herpes simplex etc.) Perinatal (Anoxia,
prematurity, birth trauma) and Postnatal (malnutrition, toxin exposure, trauma)
Management: Behavioral Therapy
Caution with patients with IDD as they may not be able to self-report drug-related problems.
Treatment of ADHD - correct answer •The first-line pharmacological tx are stimulants which help to
increase DA in PFC
•These also, notably, can increase DA in the nucleus accumbens and reward circuitry
•Treatment: Multimodal(i.e., Medications + educational and behavioral interventions)
•1st line: Stimulants (methylphenidate compounds, dextroamphetamine, mixed amphetamine salts)=
Ritalin, Concerta, Adderall (Scchedule II)
MOA: Increase DA in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens and reward circuitry
ADHD treatment - correct answer •2nd line: Alpha-2 agonists (Clonidine, guanfacine)
, •****Monitor Height, weight, BP, CBC w/ diff; Pulse quarterly (Height and weight d/t risk of growth
restriction)
•In healthy individuals, it is not necessary to obtain an EKG prior to initiating a stimulant
•Prescription Monitoring Program should be checked
•Note: With stimulants, evidence of growth suppression is not clear, seems transient and resolves in
mid-adolescence
•
•Note: If a child is taking their medication twice daily (i.e. at home and school) and parents request to
solely administer the medication= consider switching to an extended release form (e.g.
Methylphenidate CD= extended release)
ADHD treatment: Considering non-stimulant(factors to consider) - correct answer •Stimulants are
not working well to control ADHD symptoms
•Stimulants cause too many side effects (often intolerable) - e.g. anxiety
•The child or teen has problems with substance abuse
•The child or teen has a medical condition for which stimulants cannot be used - e.g. tic disorder
•Adjunctive therapy for stimulants
ADHD nonstimulant medications - correct answer Atomoxetine (Strattera); Bupropion (Wellbutrin) ;
Alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (Clonidine, Guanfacine)
Autism Spectrum Disorder - correct answer •Characterized by impairments in social
communication/interaction and restrictive, repetitive behaviors/interests
•4:1 ration (male/female)
•Recognized ages 12-24 months
Autism Spectrum Disorder - correct answer •Treatment Approach
•Early intervention, behavioral therapy, psychoeducation
•Alpha-2 agonists (clonidine, guanfacine) and low dose atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone, Abilify)= to
help reduce disruptive behaviors, aggression and irritability
•Melatonin for sleep,
