PNR 309 TEST 2 – Questions With Comprehensive
Answers
Save
Terms in this set (205)
Any clinically significant symptomatic condition or
Gastro-esophageal reflux histopathological alteration presumed to be
disease (GERD) secondary to reflux of gastric contents into the lower
esophagus.
What is onset for chronic Often asymptomatic for a long time. Caused by
thyroiditis and what abnormal blood antibodies and WBC
causes this? attacking/damaging thyroid cells
1. hiatal hernia
2. incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Predisposing conditions of
3. decreased esophageal clearance from impaired
GERD (4)
esophageal motility
4. decreased gastric emptying
Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus),
Barrett's esophagus (esophageal metaplasia),
Complications of GERD respiratory complications,
aspiration pneumonia,
dental erosion.
hiatal hernia, chemical irritation from lye, and physical
Risk factors for irritants such as smoking, cold or hot liquids, and
Esophagitis excessive alcoholic intake. Trauma to the esophagus
may also produce inflammation.
Diagnosing GERD Endoscopy, barium swallow
, lifestyle modifications,
nutritional therapy,
GERD treatments
drug therapy,
surgical/endoscopy therapy
What lifestyle smoking/alcohol cessation (or at least avoidance),
modifications are avoid caffeine, lose weight if able (maintain healthy
suggested? wt)
What nutritional decrease high-fat foods, milk products, mints,
modifications? carbonated beverages, acidic foods/drinks
focused on improving LES function, increasing
Drug therapy for GERD
esophageal clearance, decreasing volume and acidity
targets what?
of reflux, and protecting the esophageal mucosa.
H2R blockers - Pepsid, Zantac;
What drugs can treat PPIs - Losec, Pantoloc, Prevacid;
GERD (give name, class)? Antacids - Gaviscon, maalox (mylanta);
Prokinetic drugs - Metoclopramide
Following administration C
of a dose of
metoclopramide to the
client, the nurse
determines that the
medication has been
effective when which of
the following is noted?
a) Decreased blood
pressure
b) Absence of muscle
tremors
c) Relief of nausea and
vomiting
d) absence of diarrhea
,The nurse administered a A - Extrapyramidal adverse effects, including tremors
dose of metoclopramide and dyskinesias, may occur as a result of
to a client and the client metoclopramide administration.
has symptoms of nausea.
The nurse would teach the
client to report which of
the following potential
adverse effects?
a) Tremors
b) Constipation
c) Double vision
d) Numbness in the fingers
and nose
The nurse is caring for a B
client with a diagnosis of
diverticulitis and a history
of irritable bowel disease
and gastro-esophageal
reflux disease (GERD) who
has received a dose of
Mylanta 30 mL PO. The
nurse would evaluate its
effectiveness by
questioning the client as
to whether which of the
following symptoms has
been resolved?
a) Diarrhea
b) Heartburn
c)constipation
d) Lower abdominal pain
herniation of a portion of the stomach into the
Hiatal hernia esophagus through an opening (hiatus) in the
diaphragm.
, Two types of Hiatus sliding and paraesophageal (rolling).
Hernia are:
increased intra- abdominal pressure (including
obesity, pregnancy, ascites, tumours, tight corsets),
intense physical exertion,
Predisposing factors of heavy lifting on a continual basis, increased age,
herniation trauma,
poor nutrition,
prolonged bed rest.
**Occurs more often in women
Diagnosing a hiatal hernia xray, barium swallow, endoscopy
hemorrhage,
Complications with hiatal stenosis of esophagus, regurgitation/aspiration,
hernias ulcers in herniated portion of stomach,
strangulation of hernia.
similar to GERD;
lifestyle modifications, elevate HOB, antacids/H2R
H Hernia treatments:
blockers, surgical therapy (all variations of
fundoplication)
rare malignant neoplasm of the esophagus, of which
Esophageal cancer there are two types: squamous cell carcinoma and
adenocarcinoma
Answers
Save
Terms in this set (205)
Any clinically significant symptomatic condition or
Gastro-esophageal reflux histopathological alteration presumed to be
disease (GERD) secondary to reflux of gastric contents into the lower
esophagus.
What is onset for chronic Often asymptomatic for a long time. Caused by
thyroiditis and what abnormal blood antibodies and WBC
causes this? attacking/damaging thyroid cells
1. hiatal hernia
2. incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Predisposing conditions of
3. decreased esophageal clearance from impaired
GERD (4)
esophageal motility
4. decreased gastric emptying
Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus),
Barrett's esophagus (esophageal metaplasia),
Complications of GERD respiratory complications,
aspiration pneumonia,
dental erosion.
hiatal hernia, chemical irritation from lye, and physical
Risk factors for irritants such as smoking, cold or hot liquids, and
Esophagitis excessive alcoholic intake. Trauma to the esophagus
may also produce inflammation.
Diagnosing GERD Endoscopy, barium swallow
, lifestyle modifications,
nutritional therapy,
GERD treatments
drug therapy,
surgical/endoscopy therapy
What lifestyle smoking/alcohol cessation (or at least avoidance),
modifications are avoid caffeine, lose weight if able (maintain healthy
suggested? wt)
What nutritional decrease high-fat foods, milk products, mints,
modifications? carbonated beverages, acidic foods/drinks
focused on improving LES function, increasing
Drug therapy for GERD
esophageal clearance, decreasing volume and acidity
targets what?
of reflux, and protecting the esophageal mucosa.
H2R blockers - Pepsid, Zantac;
What drugs can treat PPIs - Losec, Pantoloc, Prevacid;
GERD (give name, class)? Antacids - Gaviscon, maalox (mylanta);
Prokinetic drugs - Metoclopramide
Following administration C
of a dose of
metoclopramide to the
client, the nurse
determines that the
medication has been
effective when which of
the following is noted?
a) Decreased blood
pressure
b) Absence of muscle
tremors
c) Relief of nausea and
vomiting
d) absence of diarrhea
,The nurse administered a A - Extrapyramidal adverse effects, including tremors
dose of metoclopramide and dyskinesias, may occur as a result of
to a client and the client metoclopramide administration.
has symptoms of nausea.
The nurse would teach the
client to report which of
the following potential
adverse effects?
a) Tremors
b) Constipation
c) Double vision
d) Numbness in the fingers
and nose
The nurse is caring for a B
client with a diagnosis of
diverticulitis and a history
of irritable bowel disease
and gastro-esophageal
reflux disease (GERD) who
has received a dose of
Mylanta 30 mL PO. The
nurse would evaluate its
effectiveness by
questioning the client as
to whether which of the
following symptoms has
been resolved?
a) Diarrhea
b) Heartburn
c)constipation
d) Lower abdominal pain
herniation of a portion of the stomach into the
Hiatal hernia esophagus through an opening (hiatus) in the
diaphragm.
, Two types of Hiatus sliding and paraesophageal (rolling).
Hernia are:
increased intra- abdominal pressure (including
obesity, pregnancy, ascites, tumours, tight corsets),
intense physical exertion,
Predisposing factors of heavy lifting on a continual basis, increased age,
herniation trauma,
poor nutrition,
prolonged bed rest.
**Occurs more often in women
Diagnosing a hiatal hernia xray, barium swallow, endoscopy
hemorrhage,
Complications with hiatal stenosis of esophagus, regurgitation/aspiration,
hernias ulcers in herniated portion of stomach,
strangulation of hernia.
similar to GERD;
lifestyle modifications, elevate HOB, antacids/H2R
H Hernia treatments:
blockers, surgical therapy (all variations of
fundoplication)
rare malignant neoplasm of the esophagus, of which
Esophageal cancer there are two types: squamous cell carcinoma and
adenocarcinoma
