2024-2025 MEDICAL SURGICAL LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY
100% A+ GRADED|
A nurse in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is providing
care to a client who had an abdominal cholecystectomy and
observes serosanguineous drainage on the abdominal
dressing. What is the next nursing action?
Change the dressing.
Reinforce the dressing.
Replace the tape with Montgomery ties.
Support the incision with an abdominal binder. - SOLUTION-
Reinforce the dressing.
(The nurse should anticipate drainage and reinforce the
surgical dressing as needed. Changing a dressing at this
time is unnecessary and increases the risk for infection.
Montgomery ties are used when frequent dressing changes
are anticipated; they are not appropriate at this time. An
abdominal binder rarely is prescribed, and it will interfere
with assessment of the dressing at this time.)
A nurse is teaching a group of clients with peripheral
vascular disease about a smoking cessation program.
Which physiologic effect of nicotine should the nurse
explain to the group?
,Constriction of the superficial vessels dilates the deep
vessels.
Constriction of the peripheral vessels increases the force of
flow.
Dilation of the superficial vessels causes constriction of
collateral circulation.
Dilation of the peripheral vessels causes reflex constriction
of visceral vessels. - SOLUTION-Constriction of the
peripheral vessels increases the force of flow.
(Constriction of the peripheral blood vessels and the
resulting increase in blood pressure impairs circulation and
limits the amount of oxygen being delivered to body cells,
particularly in the extremities. Nicotine constricts all
peripheral vessels, not just superficial ones. Its primary
action is vasoconstriction; it will not dilate deep vessels.
Nicotine constricts rather than dilates peripheral vessels.)
After emergency surgery, the nurse teaches a client how to
use an incentive spirometer. What client behavior indicates
to the nurse that the spirometer is being used correctly?
Inhales deeply through the mouthpiece, relaxes, and then
exhales.
Inhales deeply, seals the lips around the mouthpiece, and
exhales.
Uses the incentive spirometer for 10 consecutive breaths
per hour.
,Coughs several times before inhaling deeply through the
mouthpiece. - SOLUTION-Inhales deeply through the
mouthpiece, relaxes, and then exhales.
(Inhaling deeply through the mouthpiece, relaxing, and then
exhaling are correct techniques; deep inhalation promotes
alveolar expansion, and exhalation promotes lung recoil.
Inhaling deeply, sealing the lips around the mouthpiece, and
exhaling are incorrect techniques; inhalation should occur
through the mouthpiece. The breaths should not be taken in
succession; they should be spaced by several normal
breaths to avoid fatigue. Coughing is done after deep
breathing.)
A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who had general
anesthesia during surgery. What independent nursing
intervention may prevent an accumulation of secretions?
Postural drainage
Cupping the chest
Nasotracheal suctioning
Frequent changes of position - SOLUTION-Frequent
changes of position
(Frequent changes of position minimize pooling of
respiratory secretions and maximize chest expansion,
which aids in the removal of secretions; this helps maintain
the airway and is an independent nursing function. Postural
drainage and cupping the chest are part of pulmonary
therapy that requires a healthcare provider's prescription.
, Nasotracheal suctioning will remove secretions once they
accumulate in the upper airway, but will not prevent their
accumulation.)
The nurse provides education about signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia to a client with newly diagnosed type 1
diabetes. The nurse concludes that the teaching was
effective when the client acknowledges the need to drink
orange juice when experiencing which symptoms?
Nervous and weak
Thirsty with a headache
Flushed and short of breath
Nausea and abdominal cramps - SOLUTION-Nervous and
weak
(Nervousness and weakness are the most commonly
reported symptoms of hypoglycemia and are related to
increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Feeling
flushed and short of breath are adaptations of
hyperglycemia. Being thirsty, having a headache, being
nauseated, or having abdominal cramps are symptoms of
hyperglycemia.)
A client with diabetes asks how exercise will affect insulin
and dietary needs. What information does the nurse share
about insulin and exercise?
"Exercise increases the need for carbohydrates and
decreases the need for insulin."
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES |ALREADY
100% A+ GRADED|
A nurse in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) is providing
care to a client who had an abdominal cholecystectomy and
observes serosanguineous drainage on the abdominal
dressing. What is the next nursing action?
Change the dressing.
Reinforce the dressing.
Replace the tape with Montgomery ties.
Support the incision with an abdominal binder. - SOLUTION-
Reinforce the dressing.
(The nurse should anticipate drainage and reinforce the
surgical dressing as needed. Changing a dressing at this
time is unnecessary and increases the risk for infection.
Montgomery ties are used when frequent dressing changes
are anticipated; they are not appropriate at this time. An
abdominal binder rarely is prescribed, and it will interfere
with assessment of the dressing at this time.)
A nurse is teaching a group of clients with peripheral
vascular disease about a smoking cessation program.
Which physiologic effect of nicotine should the nurse
explain to the group?
,Constriction of the superficial vessels dilates the deep
vessels.
Constriction of the peripheral vessels increases the force of
flow.
Dilation of the superficial vessels causes constriction of
collateral circulation.
Dilation of the peripheral vessels causes reflex constriction
of visceral vessels. - SOLUTION-Constriction of the
peripheral vessels increases the force of flow.
(Constriction of the peripheral blood vessels and the
resulting increase in blood pressure impairs circulation and
limits the amount of oxygen being delivered to body cells,
particularly in the extremities. Nicotine constricts all
peripheral vessels, not just superficial ones. Its primary
action is vasoconstriction; it will not dilate deep vessels.
Nicotine constricts rather than dilates peripheral vessels.)
After emergency surgery, the nurse teaches a client how to
use an incentive spirometer. What client behavior indicates
to the nurse that the spirometer is being used correctly?
Inhales deeply through the mouthpiece, relaxes, and then
exhales.
Inhales deeply, seals the lips around the mouthpiece, and
exhales.
Uses the incentive spirometer for 10 consecutive breaths
per hour.
,Coughs several times before inhaling deeply through the
mouthpiece. - SOLUTION-Inhales deeply through the
mouthpiece, relaxes, and then exhales.
(Inhaling deeply through the mouthpiece, relaxing, and then
exhaling are correct techniques; deep inhalation promotes
alveolar expansion, and exhalation promotes lung recoil.
Inhaling deeply, sealing the lips around the mouthpiece, and
exhaling are incorrect techniques; inhalation should occur
through the mouthpiece. The breaths should not be taken in
succession; they should be spaced by several normal
breaths to avoid fatigue. Coughing is done after deep
breathing.)
A nurse is caring for a postoperative client who had general
anesthesia during surgery. What independent nursing
intervention may prevent an accumulation of secretions?
Postural drainage
Cupping the chest
Nasotracheal suctioning
Frequent changes of position - SOLUTION-Frequent
changes of position
(Frequent changes of position minimize pooling of
respiratory secretions and maximize chest expansion,
which aids in the removal of secretions; this helps maintain
the airway and is an independent nursing function. Postural
drainage and cupping the chest are part of pulmonary
therapy that requires a healthcare provider's prescription.
, Nasotracheal suctioning will remove secretions once they
accumulate in the upper airway, but will not prevent their
accumulation.)
The nurse provides education about signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia to a client with newly diagnosed type 1
diabetes. The nurse concludes that the teaching was
effective when the client acknowledges the need to drink
orange juice when experiencing which symptoms?
Nervous and weak
Thirsty with a headache
Flushed and short of breath
Nausea and abdominal cramps - SOLUTION-Nervous and
weak
(Nervousness and weakness are the most commonly
reported symptoms of hypoglycemia and are related to
increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Feeling
flushed and short of breath are adaptations of
hyperglycemia. Being thirsty, having a headache, being
nauseated, or having abdominal cramps are symptoms of
hyperglycemia.)
A client with diabetes asks how exercise will affect insulin
and dietary needs. What information does the nurse share
about insulin and exercise?
"Exercise increases the need for carbohydrates and
decreases the need for insulin."
