2025 WCU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE
PASS A+ GRADED
Describe different congenital heart defects - answer-aortic
stenosis- aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve (the valve
between the left ventricle and the aorta) is too small, narrow, or
stiff.
Coarctation of the aorta (coa)- is a narrowing of the aorta, the
major blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the
body. This narrowing causes the left side of the heart to work
harder to pump blood through the aorta.
Ebstein anomaly- a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid
valve (one of the heart's four valves). It happens because of a
problem with how the valve forms before a baby's birth.
,Patent ductus arteriosus (pda)- an extra blood vessel found in
babies before birth and just after birth.
Patent foramen ovale (pfo)- a normal opening between the upper
two chambers (the right atrium and left atrium) of an unborn
baby's heart. The foramen ovale usually closes 6 months to a
year after the baby's birth.
Tetralogy of fallot (tof)- a congenital (present at birth) heart defect.
In tetralogy of fallot (tof), four related heart defects change the
way blood flows to the lungs and through the heart.
Truncus arteriosus- a heart defect that happens when a child is
born with one large artery carrying blood to the lungs and body
instead of two separate arteries.
Ventricular septal defect (vsd)- sometimes referred to as a hole in
the heart — is a type of congenital heart defect. In a vsd, there is
an abnormal opening in the wall between the main pumping
chambers of the heart (the ventricles).
Atrial septal defect (asd)- sometimes called a hole in the heart —
is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal
,opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of
the heart (the a
Symptoms of right sided heart failure - answer--awakening at
night with shortness of breath
-shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat
-coughing
-wheezing
-difficulty concentrating
-dizziness
-fatigue
-fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or
abdomen
-increased urge to urinate
-lack of appetite and nausea
-difficulty exercising
-sudden weight gain
Symptoms of left sided heart failure - answer-exertional
pulmonary vascular congestion
Exertional dyspnea
, Cough
Fatigue
Othopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Basilar rales
Gallops
Exercise intolerance
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - answer-refers to intermittent
attacks of severe dyspnea during the night and is a most
distressing form of orthopnea. The individual experiences a
feeling of suffocation and panic at not being able to overcome the
dyspnea. Sitting or standing helps relieve the dyspnea because
blood pools in the extremities, reducing pulmonary hydrostatic
pressure and congestion
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
VERIFIED ANSWERS 100% GUARANTEE
PASS A+ GRADED
Describe different congenital heart defects - answer-aortic
stenosis- aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve (the valve
between the left ventricle and the aorta) is too small, narrow, or
stiff.
Coarctation of the aorta (coa)- is a narrowing of the aorta, the
major blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the
body. This narrowing causes the left side of the heart to work
harder to pump blood through the aorta.
Ebstein anomaly- a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid
valve (one of the heart's four valves). It happens because of a
problem with how the valve forms before a baby's birth.
,Patent ductus arteriosus (pda)- an extra blood vessel found in
babies before birth and just after birth.
Patent foramen ovale (pfo)- a normal opening between the upper
two chambers (the right atrium and left atrium) of an unborn
baby's heart. The foramen ovale usually closes 6 months to a
year after the baby's birth.
Tetralogy of fallot (tof)- a congenital (present at birth) heart defect.
In tetralogy of fallot (tof), four related heart defects change the
way blood flows to the lungs and through the heart.
Truncus arteriosus- a heart defect that happens when a child is
born with one large artery carrying blood to the lungs and body
instead of two separate arteries.
Ventricular septal defect (vsd)- sometimes referred to as a hole in
the heart — is a type of congenital heart defect. In a vsd, there is
an abnormal opening in the wall between the main pumping
chambers of the heart (the ventricles).
Atrial septal defect (asd)- sometimes called a hole in the heart —
is a type of congenital heart defect in which there is an abnormal
,opening in the dividing wall between the upper filling chambers of
the heart (the a
Symptoms of right sided heart failure - answer--awakening at
night with shortness of breath
-shortness of breath during exercise or when lying flat
-coughing
-wheezing
-difficulty concentrating
-dizziness
-fatigue
-fluid retention causing swelling in the ankles, legs, feet and/or
abdomen
-increased urge to urinate
-lack of appetite and nausea
-difficulty exercising
-sudden weight gain
Symptoms of left sided heart failure - answer-exertional
pulmonary vascular congestion
Exertional dyspnea
, Cough
Fatigue
Othopnea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Basilar rales
Gallops
Exercise intolerance
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - answer-refers to intermittent
attacks of severe dyspnea during the night and is a most
distressing form of orthopnea. The individual experiences a
feeling of suffocation and panic at not being able to overcome the
dyspnea. Sitting or standing helps relieve the dyspnea because
blood pools in the extremities, reducing pulmonary hydrostatic
pressure and congestion
