Elementary Statistics Final Exam Study
Guide
The notation P(z<a) denotes the probability that the z-score is less
than a
1. What does the
nota- tion P(z<a)
denote
2. point estimate A point estimate is a single value used to approximate a
population para-
meter
3. Z-score When a data value is converted to a standardized scale
representing the number of standard deviations the data value
lies from the mean, we call the new value a .
4. s The symbol for sample standard deviation is .
5. Degrees of Freedom Degrees of Freedom Number of data points that are free to vary
based on
the person who is responding (ex: mood that day, etc.; gender is
the same every day)
6. Population Population The entire collection of individuals for about which
information
1/
15
, Elementary Statistics Final Exam Study
Guide
is sought.
7. Sample A subset of a population containing individuals who are actually
observed.
8. Simple Random Every sample of size n has the same chance of be being chosen
Sam- ple (selected).
9. Cluster Sampling Items are drawn from the population in groups or clusters.
10. Systematic Sampling The population items are ordered in a list then every Kth item is
sampled.
11. Voluntary Response When people choose to participate in the sample, usually only people
Samples (self- with strong opinions choose to participate.
selected sample)
12. lower class limit the least number that can belong to a class
13. upper class limit the least number that can belong to a class
2/
15
Guide
The notation P(z<a) denotes the probability that the z-score is less
than a
1. What does the
nota- tion P(z<a)
denote
2. point estimate A point estimate is a single value used to approximate a
population para-
meter
3. Z-score When a data value is converted to a standardized scale
representing the number of standard deviations the data value
lies from the mean, we call the new value a .
4. s The symbol for sample standard deviation is .
5. Degrees of Freedom Degrees of Freedom Number of data points that are free to vary
based on
the person who is responding (ex: mood that day, etc.; gender is
the same every day)
6. Population Population The entire collection of individuals for about which
information
1/
15
, Elementary Statistics Final Exam Study
Guide
is sought.
7. Sample A subset of a population containing individuals who are actually
observed.
8. Simple Random Every sample of size n has the same chance of be being chosen
Sam- ple (selected).
9. Cluster Sampling Items are drawn from the population in groups or clusters.
10. Systematic Sampling The population items are ordered in a list then every Kth item is
sampled.
11. Voluntary Response When people choose to participate in the sample, usually only people
Samples (self- with strong opinions choose to participate.
selected sample)
12. lower class limit the least number that can belong to a class
13. upper class limit the least number that can belong to a class
2/
15
