Physiology Of Motor Control & Learning Questions With Correct Verified Answers | 100%

PHYSIOLOGY OF MOTOR CONTROL & LEARNING QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% 1. Biologic (endogenous) Factors Influencing Recovery - Brain Trophic Factors - Gender - Weight - Pre-Morbid Factors - Age - Lesion Factors (size/speed) - Genetic Factors 2. Environmental (exogenous) Factors - Pre-Injury (exercise, diet, environment enrichment) - Post-Injury (Drugs, Rehab, other Tx) 3. Movement interaction of perception & action systems, with cognition affecting both systems at different levels 4. Movement Control cooperative effort of many brain structures organized hierarchically and in parallel 5. Hierarchical Processing higher levels of brain concerned with abstraction of information 6. Parallel Distributed Processing same signal processed simultaneously among many different brain structures for different purposes 7. Lowest Level of Perception/ Action Hierarchy Spinal Cord 8. Spinal Cord Function - initial reception & processing of somatosensory information - reflex & voluntary control of posture & movement thru motor neurons 9. 3 Nuclei contained within Brainstem - Vestibular (balance) 1 / 14 - Red Nucleus - Reticular Nucleus (large role in motor activation) 10. Brainstem Function contains ascending & descending pathways transmitting sensory & motor info to CNS 11. Cerebellum Location behind brainstem; connected by Peduncles 12. Cerebellum Function - coordination & error detection for voluntary movements and balance - "conductor" of timing for movement 13. Where does the Cerebellum receive inputs from? - Spinal Cord - Cerebral Cortex 14. Diencephalon contains thalamus and hypothalamus 15. Thalamus - Main relay center for sensory info of the brain - conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum 16. Hypothalamus important for maintaining Homeostasis 17. Basal Ganglia - higher order cognitive aspects of motor control (planning of motor strategies) - helps initiate & plan movement, makes them smooth 18. Pathophysiology of Basal Ganglia can lead to... - Parkinson's (not enough movement) - Huntington's (too much movement) 19. Cerebral Cortex 2 / 14 - highest level of motor control hierarchy - ID targets in space, choosing course of action, & programming movements 20. Neuron - basic unit of CNS - lowest level in hierarchy (single neuron in spinal cord) - always (-) charge or potential inside cell - communicates thru synaptic transmission 21. Somatosensory System Peripheral Receptors - Muscle spindle - Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) - Joint receptors - Cutaneous receptors 22. Somatosensory System Ascending Pathways - Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal System - Anterolateral System - Thalamus - Somatosensory Cortex - Association Cortices 23. Parts of Visual System - Exteroceptive Sense - Visual Proprioception - Peripheral Visual System - Central Visual Pathways - Primary Visual Cortex - Higher-Order Visual Cortex 3 / 14 24. Exteroceptive Sense - ID objects in space & determine their movement - what you're seeing & how far an object is 25. Visual Proprioception where body is in space, relation of one body part to another, & motion of the body 26. Peripheral Visual System Light enters eye through cornea and focused by cornea and lens on retina at back of eye 27. Photoreceptor Cells rods and cones 28. Rods - retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray - necessary for peripheral and night vision, when cones don't respond