American Red Cross-ACLS-Final
A 20-year-old man with respiratory depression is brought to the emergency department
by his parents. Opioid overdose is suspected, and an initial dose of naloxone is
administered at 10 p.m. The patient does not respond to this initial dose. The team
would expect to administer a second dose after how many minutes? - ANS - 2
minutes
A 28-year-old pregnant patient who resides in transitional housing presents to the
emergency department with complaints of feeling feverish and very faint. The patient
tells the emergency nurse that she does not know when she became pregnant. Upon
palpation, the fundus is not at or above the umbilicus. The patient's condition quickly
deteriorates and she goes into cardiac arrest. If available and able to be used without
impeding or delaying the resuscitation effort, what diagnostic tool could be used to
guide decision-making in the care of this patient? - ANS - Point-of-care ultrasound
A 30-year-old patient has been brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest.
The cardiac monitor shows the following rhythm. Interpretation of this rhythm would
suggest which of the following as a possible precipitating factor? - ANS - Electrocution
A 35-year-old female patient's ECG is consistent with STEMI. The ECG reveals a new
ST-segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least which size? - ANS -
0.15 mV
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of fatigue,
shortness of breath, back pain and nausea. A 12-lead ECG is obtained and shows
ST-segment depression in leads II, III, and aVF and intermittent runs of nonsustained
ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac serum markers are elevated. These findings suggest
which condition? - ANS - High-risk non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS)
A member of the resuscitation team is preparing to administer medications
intravenously to a patient in cardiac arrest. The team member should follow each
peripherally administered drug dose with a normal saline flush. How much would the
team member give? - ANS - 10 to 20 mL
, A member of the resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a patient in cardiac arrest
using a biphasic defibrillator. The team member would set the energy dose according to
the manufacturer's recommendations, which is usually: - ANS - 120 to 200 joules
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath. The
patient has a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Assessment
reveals respiratory failure. Which action would be the initial priority to address the
respiratory failure? - ANS - Assisted ventilation with BVM resuscitator
A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and "some
shortness of breath." Cardiac monitoring is initiated and reveals the following ECG
rhythm strip. The provider interprets this strip as indicating which arrhythmia? - ANS -
Atrial flutter
A patient enters the emergency department in respiratory compromise. The team is
monitoring the patient using capnography and identifies that ETCO2 levels are initially
33 mmHg and later 40 mmHg. From these readings, the team identifies that the patient
is progressing in what stage of respiratory compromise? - ANS - Respiratory distress
A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates ventilations
using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of which condition during
the provision of care would lead the team to suspect that improper BVM technique is
being used? - ANS - Pneumothorax
A patient has experienced return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac
arrest. The healthcare team is conducting a secondary assessment to determine the
possible cause of the patient's cardiac arrest. Before the arrest, the patient exhibited
jugular venous distension, cyanosis, apnea and hyperresonance on percussion. The
patient was also difficult to ventilate during the response. The team would most likely
suspect which condition as the cause? - ANS - Tension Pneumothorax
A patient in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation. As part of
post-cardiac arrest care, the patient is receiving mechanical ventilation at an initial rate
of 10 breaths/min and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.30. Which finding(s)
would indicate the need for change in the ventilator settings to optimize the patient's
ventilation and oxygenation? - ANS - -SaO2 90%
-PaCO2 48 mmHg
-ETCO2 55 mmHg
A 20-year-old man with respiratory depression is brought to the emergency department
by his parents. Opioid overdose is suspected, and an initial dose of naloxone is
administered at 10 p.m. The patient does not respond to this initial dose. The team
would expect to administer a second dose after how many minutes? - ANS - 2
minutes
A 28-year-old pregnant patient who resides in transitional housing presents to the
emergency department with complaints of feeling feverish and very faint. The patient
tells the emergency nurse that she does not know when she became pregnant. Upon
palpation, the fundus is not at or above the umbilicus. The patient's condition quickly
deteriorates and she goes into cardiac arrest. If available and able to be used without
impeding or delaying the resuscitation effort, what diagnostic tool could be used to
guide decision-making in the care of this patient? - ANS - Point-of-care ultrasound
A 30-year-old patient has been brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest.
The cardiac monitor shows the following rhythm. Interpretation of this rhythm would
suggest which of the following as a possible precipitating factor? - ANS - Electrocution
A 35-year-old female patient's ECG is consistent with STEMI. The ECG reveals a new
ST-segment elevation at the J point in leads V2 and V3 of at least which size? - ANS -
0.15 mV
A 42-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of fatigue,
shortness of breath, back pain and nausea. A 12-lead ECG is obtained and shows
ST-segment depression in leads II, III, and aVF and intermittent runs of nonsustained
ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac serum markers are elevated. These findings suggest
which condition? - ANS - High-risk non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS)
A member of the resuscitation team is preparing to administer medications
intravenously to a patient in cardiac arrest. The team member should follow each
peripherally administered drug dose with a normal saline flush. How much would the
team member give? - ANS - 10 to 20 mL
, A member of the resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a patient in cardiac arrest
using a biphasic defibrillator. The team member would set the energy dose according to
the manufacturer's recommendations, which is usually: - ANS - 120 to 200 joules
A patient arrives at the emergency department complaining of shortness of breath. The
patient has a long history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Assessment
reveals respiratory failure. Which action would be the initial priority to address the
respiratory failure? - ANS - Assisted ventilation with BVM resuscitator
A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of palpitations and "some
shortness of breath." Cardiac monitoring is initiated and reveals the following ECG
rhythm strip. The provider interprets this strip as indicating which arrhythmia? - ANS -
Atrial flutter
A patient enters the emergency department in respiratory compromise. The team is
monitoring the patient using capnography and identifies that ETCO2 levels are initially
33 mmHg and later 40 mmHg. From these readings, the team identifies that the patient
is progressing in what stage of respiratory compromise? - ANS - Respiratory distress
A patient experiences cardiac arrest, and the resuscitation team initiates ventilations
using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator. The development of which condition during
the provision of care would lead the team to suspect that improper BVM technique is
being used? - ANS - Pneumothorax
A patient has experienced return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac
arrest. The healthcare team is conducting a secondary assessment to determine the
possible cause of the patient's cardiac arrest. Before the arrest, the patient exhibited
jugular venous distension, cyanosis, apnea and hyperresonance on percussion. The
patient was also difficult to ventilate during the response. The team would most likely
suspect which condition as the cause? - ANS - Tension Pneumothorax
A patient in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation. As part of
post-cardiac arrest care, the patient is receiving mechanical ventilation at an initial rate
of 10 breaths/min and a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 0.30. Which finding(s)
would indicate the need for change in the ventilator settings to optimize the patient's
ventilation and oxygenation? - ANS - -SaO2 90%
-PaCO2 48 mmHg
-ETCO2 55 mmHg
