PSMN01V Assignment 2 2025 (Answer Guide) - Due 25 September 2025

PSMN01V Assignment 2 2025 (Answer Guide) - Due 25 September 2025 VERIFIED AND CERTIFIED ANSWERS. WRITTEN IN REQUIRED FORMAT AND WITHIN GIVEN GUIDELINES. IT IS GOOD TO USE AS A GUIDE AND FOR REFERENCE, NEVER PLAGARIZE. Thank you and success in your academics. UNISA, 2025 Contents Question 1: May a security officer make use of an electronic device such as a metal detector or an X-ray machine to conduct searches? (5) 2 Question 2: May a male person use an electronic device to search a female? (5) 3 Question 3: Explain the difference between an act and an omission. (5) 4 Question 4: What is meant by “causation”? (5) 5 Question 5: When is novus actus interveniens relevant in a crime? Discuss. (5) 6 Question 6: What are the requirements for legal consent when an article may be seized without a search warrant? (10) 7 Reference List 8   Question 1: May a security officer make use of an electronic device such as a metal detector or an X-ray machine to conduct searches? (5) Issue: The question is whether a security officer is legally permitted to employ electronic devices such as metal detectors or X-ray machines in the course of conducting searches. Rule: Private security officers operate under the Private Security Industry Regulation Act 56 of 2001 (PSIRA), which requires that searches respect constitutional rights to privacy and dignity as enshrined in section 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. The Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 (CPA) regulates search and seizure powers, with sections 20–22 permitting warrantless searches only under certain conditions, such as consent or urgency. Non-invasive electronic searches, such as metal detectors, are generally viewed as permissible forms of screening provided they are not arbitrary and the individual has voluntarily submitted (Du Toit et al., 2018). The use of X-ray equipment is further regulated under the Hazardous Substances Act 15 of 1973 and requires licensing by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA, 2022). Application: Metal detectors are non-invasive and widely used in public and private spaces such as airports, schools, and event venues. Their use is considered lawful where entry is conditional upon consent to screening. In contrast, X-ray machines are invasive in terms of radiation exposure and must comply strictly with