NR 507 FNP Chamberlain Midterm Exam 2025 – 70 Actual Questions with Verified Correct Answers

NR 507 FNP Chamberlain Midterm
Exam 2025 – 70 Actual Questions with
Verified Correct Answers
Question 1
What is the primary source of genetic variation in humans?
A. Gene mutations
B. Chromosomal crossover
C. Environmental factors
D. Epigenetic modifications

B. Chromosomal crossover
Rationale: Chromosomal crossover during meiosis shuffles alleles, creating genetic diversity, a
core genetics concept in NR 507 for understanding inheritance patterns.

Question 2
Which genetic disorder results from a trinucleotide repeat expansion?
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Huntington’s disease
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Down syndrome

B. Huntington’s disease
Rationale: Huntington’s is caused by CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene, leading to
neurodegeneration, emphasized in NR 507 for genetic disease mechanisms.

Question 3
What is an autosomal recessive disorder?
A. Trait expressed only in homozygotes
B. Trait expressed in heterozygotes
C. Trait on sex chromosomes
D. Trait requiring one dominant allele

A. Trait expressed only in homozygotes
Rationale: Requires two mutated alleles (e.g., cystic fibrosis), a key inheritance pattern in NR
507 genetics.

Question 4

,Epigenetics refers to:
A. Changes in DNA sequence
B. Heritable changes in gene expression without DNA alteration
C. Protein synthesis
D. Chromosomal deletions

B. Heritable changes in gene expression without DNA alteration
Rationale: Epigenetic modifications like methylation affect gene expression, relevant for chronic
disease in NR 507 2025 updates.

Question 5
What is the hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
A. Reversible airway obstruction
B. Progressive airflow limitation
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Interstitial fibrosis

B. Progressive airflow limitation
Rationale: COPD involves irreversible obstruction due to emphysema or chronic bronchitis, a
focus in NR 507 chronic respiratory conditions.

Question 6
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by:
A. Absolute insulin deficiency
B. Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
C. Autoimmune beta-cell destruction
D. Excessive insulin production

B. Insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency
Rationale: Peripheral tissue resistance and impaired beta-cell function define type 2 diabetes, a
key NR 507 chronic disease topic.

Question 7
Which inflammatory cytokine is elevated in chronic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis?
A. IL-10
B. TNF-alpha
C. IL-4
D. IFN-gamma

B. TNF-alpha
Rationale: TNF-alpha drives inflammation in autoimmune diseases, targeted by biologics in NR
507 pathophysiology.

, Question 8
What is the primary cause of hypertension in primary aldosteronism?
A. Increased renin secretion
B. Excessive aldosterone production
C. Decreased sodium retention
D. Vasodilation

B. Excessive aldosterone production
Rationale: Aldosterone increases sodium and water retention, raising blood pressure, a
multisystem process in NR 507.

Question 9
Sickle cell anemia results from:
A. Trisomy 21
B. Point mutation in hemoglobin gene
C. Chromosomal translocation
D. Gene duplication

B. Point mutation in hemoglobin gene
Rationale: A single nucleotide change causes abnormal hemoglobin, leading to RBC sickling, a
genetic disorder in NR 507.

Question 10
Which organ is primarily affected in cystic fibrosis?
A. Pancreas
B. Lungs
C. Liver
D. Kidneys

B. Lungs
Rationale: CFTR gene mutation causes thick mucus, leading to chronic lung infections, a core
NR 507 genetic condition.

Question 11
What is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
A. Hypercalcemia
B. Anemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Alkalosis