NR 507 FNP Midterm Exam 2025 – 85
Verified Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Chamberlain University
Question 1
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
A. Globulin
B. Albumin
C. Clotting factors
D. Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin constitutes approximately 60% of total plasma protein, with a concentration
of about 4 g/dL. It maintains oncotic pressure, transports substances, and buffers blood pH.
Globulins, clotting factors, and complement proteins are less abundant.
Question 2
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A. Cells have broken through the basement membrane
B. Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
C. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous epithelium
D. Cells indicate severe dysplasia
Correct Answer: C. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous epithelium
Rationale: Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous origin that remain localized without breaching the basement membrane or invading
surrounding tissue. Severe dysplasia is a precursor but not definitive for CIS.
Question 3
Which laboratory test is adequate for diagnosing gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man?
A. Urine culture
B. Gram stain of urethral discharge
,C. Serum white blood cell count
D. Blood culture
Correct Answer: B. Gram stain of urethral discharge
Rationale: A Gram stain of urethral discharge showing gram-negative diplococci is sufficient for
diagnosing gonococcal urethritis in symptomatic men due to its high sensitivity and specificity in
this context.
Question 4
What is a common event during cellular reproduction resulting in isolated cancer cells?
A. Cell differentiation
B. Cell transformation
C. Apoptosis
D. Mitotic recombination
Correct Answer: B. Cell transformation
Rationale: Cell transformation involves genetic changes that convert normal cells into malignant
ones, a hallmark of cancer development. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, and mitotic
recombination is less common.
Question 5
What defines asthma pathophysiologically?
A. Chronic bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response
B. Alveolar destruction and air trapping
C. Fibrosis of the bronchial walls
D. Chronic mucus plugging without inflammation
Correct Answer: A. Chronic bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and
bronchial hyper-reactivity, leading to symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. Alveolar
destruction is seen in COPD, not asthma.
Question 6
Which are common signs and symptoms of asthma?
A. Fever, chills, and sore throat
B. Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
, C. Chest pain and hypotension
D. Bradycardia and fatigue
Correct Answer: B. Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
Rationale: Asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, rapid breathing,
and chest tightness due to airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Question 7
Which layer of the bronchiole is affected in asthma?
A. Innermost layer
B. Middle layer (lamina propria)
C. Outermost layer
D. All layers
Correct Answer: D. All layers
Rationale: Asthma involves inflammation and remodeling across all bronchiole layers, including
the innermost (epithelium), lamina propria, and outermost (smooth muscle), contributing to
airway narrowing and hyper-reactivity.
Question 8
What defines acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Gradual decline in kidney function over months
B. Sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate with increased creatinine
C. Chronic proteinuria without creatinine changes
D. Persistent hypertension without renal impairment
Correct Answer: B. Sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate with increased creatinine
Rationale: AKI is characterized by a rapid decrease in GFR, leading to elevated plasma
creatinine and BUN, often resulting in oliguria. Chronic conditions develop over time, unlike
AKI’s acute onset.
Question 9
After air passes through the trachea, where does it go?
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchi
Verified Questions with 100% Correct
Answers | Chamberlain University
Question 1
What is the most abundant class of plasma protein?
A. Globulin
B. Albumin
C. Clotting factors
D. Complement proteins
Correct Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin constitutes approximately 60% of total plasma protein, with a concentration
of about 4 g/dL. It maintains oncotic pressure, transports substances, and buffers blood pH.
Globulins, clotting factors, and complement proteins are less abundant.
Question 2
Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes?
A. Cells have broken through the basement membrane
B. Cells have invaded surrounding tissue
C. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous epithelium
D. Cells indicate severe dysplasia
Correct Answer: C. Cells remain localized in the glandular or squamous epithelium
Rationale: Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive malignant tumors of glandular or
squamous origin that remain localized without breaching the basement membrane or invading
surrounding tissue. Severe dysplasia is a precursor but not definitive for CIS.
Question 3
Which laboratory test is adequate for diagnosing gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man?
A. Urine culture
B. Gram stain of urethral discharge
,C. Serum white blood cell count
D. Blood culture
Correct Answer: B. Gram stain of urethral discharge
Rationale: A Gram stain of urethral discharge showing gram-negative diplococci is sufficient for
diagnosing gonococcal urethritis in symptomatic men due to its high sensitivity and specificity in
this context.
Question 4
What is a common event during cellular reproduction resulting in isolated cancer cells?
A. Cell differentiation
B. Cell transformation
C. Apoptosis
D. Mitotic recombination
Correct Answer: B. Cell transformation
Rationale: Cell transformation involves genetic changes that convert normal cells into malignant
ones, a hallmark of cancer development. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, and mitotic
recombination is less common.
Question 5
What defines asthma pathophysiologically?
A. Chronic bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response
B. Alveolar destruction and air trapping
C. Fibrosis of the bronchial walls
D. Chronic mucus plugging without inflammation
Correct Answer: A. Chronic bronchoconstriction and excessive inflammatory response
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and
bronchial hyper-reactivity, leading to symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. Alveolar
destruction is seen in COPD, not asthma.
Question 6
Which are common signs and symptoms of asthma?
A. Fever, chills, and sore throat
B. Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
, C. Chest pain and hypotension
D. Bradycardia and fatigue
Correct Answer: B. Coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath
Rationale: Asthma symptoms include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, rapid breathing,
and chest tightness due to airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction.
Question 7
Which layer of the bronchiole is affected in asthma?
A. Innermost layer
B. Middle layer (lamina propria)
C. Outermost layer
D. All layers
Correct Answer: D. All layers
Rationale: Asthma involves inflammation and remodeling across all bronchiole layers, including
the innermost (epithelium), lamina propria, and outermost (smooth muscle), contributing to
airway narrowing and hyper-reactivity.
Question 8
What defines acute kidney injury (AKI)?
A. Gradual decline in kidney function over months
B. Sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate with increased creatinine
C. Chronic proteinuria without creatinine changes
D. Persistent hypertension without renal impairment
Correct Answer: B. Sudden decline in glomerular filtration rate with increased creatinine
Rationale: AKI is characterized by a rapid decrease in GFR, leading to elevated plasma
creatinine and BUN, often resulting in oliguria. Chronic conditions develop over time, unlike
AKI’s acute onset.
Question 9
After air passes through the trachea, where does it go?
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchi
