Week 4 - GI Physiology and Pathophysiology Part 2 Exam Questions and Answers
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
gastritis refers to: inflammation of the stomach lining which can be acute or chronic
gastritis occurs when the balance between: protective factors (mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow)
and damaging agents (acid, pepsin, infections, irritants) is disrupted leading to endothelial injury
acute gastritis: •Rapid onset, often caused by irritants like alcohol, NSAIDs, or infections.
chronic gastritis: •Persistent inflammation, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or
autoimmune
processes.
H. pylori gastritis the bacteria colonize the: gastric mucosa producing enzymes (urease) that
disrupt protective mucus and cause inflammation
prolonged infection from H pylori can lead to: atrophic gastritis, loss of acid-secreting cells,
and increased cancer risk
in autoimmune gastritis the immune system attacks: parietal cells, leading to reduced acid
production and intrinsic factor deficiency
pernicious anemia is loss of: intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the
smallintestine, results in B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs: DNA synthesis, leading to megaloblastic anemia and
neurological symptoms
role of prostaglandins in maintaining gastric mucosal health: They stimulate thesecretion
of mucus and bicarbonate, enhance mucosal blood flow, and suppress acid production
what inhibits prostaglandins: NSAIDs
NSAIDs weaken the: protective barrier and increase the susceptibility to acid related injury
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, symptoms of gastritis: Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating
chronic cases of gastritis may result in: anemia (from blood loss or vitamin B12 deficiency) and
progression to atrophic gastritis
signs of pernicious anemia: •Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath (due to anemia).
Neurological symptoms like tingling in the extremities and cognitive diflculties (due to nerve
demyelination
peptic ulcers are: erosions in the stomach or duodenal lining
peptic ulcers are caused by: an imbalance between aggressive factors (acid, pepsin) and protective
mechanisms (mucus, bicarbonate, mucosal blood flow)
causes of peptic ulcers: H pylori
NSAIDs
gastric ulcers are caused by: weakened mucosal defenses rather than excessive acid
gastric ulcers symptoms: Pain worsens with food due to increased acid secretion during digestion
2/6
With complete solution–Expert Verified | Latest Questions 2025
gastritis refers to: inflammation of the stomach lining which can be acute or chronic
gastritis occurs when the balance between: protective factors (mucus, bicarbonate, blood flow)
and damaging agents (acid, pepsin, infections, irritants) is disrupted leading to endothelial injury
acute gastritis: •Rapid onset, often caused by irritants like alcohol, NSAIDs, or infections.
chronic gastritis: •Persistent inflammation, often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or
autoimmune
processes.
H. pylori gastritis the bacteria colonize the: gastric mucosa producing enzymes (urease) that
disrupt protective mucus and cause inflammation
prolonged infection from H pylori can lead to: atrophic gastritis, loss of acid-secreting cells,
and increased cancer risk
in autoimmune gastritis the immune system attacks: parietal cells, leading to reduced acid
production and intrinsic factor deficiency
pernicious anemia is loss of: intrinsic factor, which is required for vitamin B12 absorption in the
smallintestine, results in B12 deficiency
Vitamin B12 deficiency impairs: DNA synthesis, leading to megaloblastic anemia and
neurological symptoms
role of prostaglandins in maintaining gastric mucosal health: They stimulate thesecretion
of mucus and bicarbonate, enhance mucosal blood flow, and suppress acid production
what inhibits prostaglandins: NSAIDs
NSAIDs weaken the: protective barrier and increase the susceptibility to acid related injury
1/6
, symptoms of gastritis: Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating
chronic cases of gastritis may result in: anemia (from blood loss or vitamin B12 deficiency) and
progression to atrophic gastritis
signs of pernicious anemia: •Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath (due to anemia).
Neurological symptoms like tingling in the extremities and cognitive diflculties (due to nerve
demyelination
peptic ulcers are: erosions in the stomach or duodenal lining
peptic ulcers are caused by: an imbalance between aggressive factors (acid, pepsin) and protective
mechanisms (mucus, bicarbonate, mucosal blood flow)
causes of peptic ulcers: H pylori
NSAIDs
gastric ulcers are caused by: weakened mucosal defenses rather than excessive acid
gastric ulcers symptoms: Pain worsens with food due to increased acid secretion during digestion
2/6
