BIO 114 Latest Exam 3 Pre Questions And 100% Correct Detailed Answers.

What are the key traits that define eukaryotes? - Answer - very diverse lineage - diverse morphology (uni- and multicellular, range in size) - diverse reproduction (asexually by mitosis, sexually by meiosis) - membrane-bound organelles & DNA (nucleus) - linear chromosomes How did the nuclear envelope evolve? - Answer Increased infoldings of prokaryotic plasma membranes led to the evolution of the nucleus and evolution by natural selection. What are the advantages of infoldings? - Answer * Increases SA:V - more infoldings = more ATP produced, more waste excreted, & more nutrients absorbed * as a cell gets bigger, SA:V gets smaller What is the advantage of a nucleus? - Answer Enables organization of "lots" of DNA which increases complexity How did mitochondria and chloroplasts evolve? - Answer Endosymbiosis theory: evolved from bacterial cells What are the advantages of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells? - Answer Enable increased ATP/energy production - mitochondria: aerobic respiration vs. glycolysis - chloroplasts: autotrophy vs. heterotrophy What is the Endosymbiosis Theory? - Answer Mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence inside another cell (2bya) What is the evidence for the Endosymbiosis Theory? - Answer Mitochondria & chloroplasts both have bacteria-like traits: - own circular genome - 2 cell membranes (inner & outer) - replication by binary fission - bacterial ribosomes