BIOL 2114 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions and Already Solved
Answers 2025-2026 Latest Edition.
The body's second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by
means of hormones - Answer Endocrine system
Fast acting by means of neural impulses - Answer Nervous system
Slow acting by means of hormones diffusing through blood - Answer Endocrine system
Which is faster the nervous system or endocrine system? - Answer Nervous
How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? - Answer They both work together
to maintain homeostasis in our bodies.
Endocrine system utilizes hormones while the nervous system utilizes _________________ -
Answer neurotransmitters
Two glands that produce endocrine and exocrine products - Answer Pancreas and gonads
What's the difference between the chemical messengers autocrines and paracrines? - Answer
Autocrines exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them while paracrines affect cells
other than those that secrete them
The majority of hormones are structurally classified as what? - Answer Amino acid based
hormones
What are the other structural classifications of hormones besides amino acid based? - Answer
Lipids which include eicosanoids and steroids
These are active lipid hormones - Answer Eicosanoids
, How do lipid based hormones react with their target cells? - Answer By direct gene activation
and pass through the phospholipid bilayer membrane of a target cell and will find a chaperone
protein inside cell nucleus
What are all of the changes hormones can have on a cell? (ASAIS) - Answer Alter plasma
membrane permeability
Stimulate protein synthesis
Activate or deactivate enzyme systems
Induce secretory activity
Stimulate cell mitosis
Write out the difference between up regulation and down regulation of cells. - Answer In up
regulation, target cells will form more receptors in response to a hormone while in down
regulation cells will lose receptors in response to a hormone.
What is the difference between a free hormone and a protein bound hormone? - Answer A
free hormone is going to be a protein based hormone because they are water soluble and can
move around in the blood freely. Lipid based hormones have to be protein bound in order to
move around in the blood because they aren't water soluble.
What systems/checkpoints does the body have in order to terminate hormone interaction with
target cells? - Answer Can be removed from the blood through:
Degrading enzymes
Kidneys (excretion in urine)
Liver enzyme systems (filtration and deactivation)
One hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present - Answer
Questions and Already Solved
Answers 2025-2026 Latest Edition.
The body's second great controlling system which influences metabolic activities of cells by
means of hormones - Answer Endocrine system
Fast acting by means of neural impulses - Answer Nervous system
Slow acting by means of hormones diffusing through blood - Answer Endocrine system
Which is faster the nervous system or endocrine system? - Answer Nervous
How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? - Answer They both work together
to maintain homeostasis in our bodies.
Endocrine system utilizes hormones while the nervous system utilizes _________________ -
Answer neurotransmitters
Two glands that produce endocrine and exocrine products - Answer Pancreas and gonads
What's the difference between the chemical messengers autocrines and paracrines? - Answer
Autocrines exert their effects on the same cells that secrete them while paracrines affect cells
other than those that secrete them
The majority of hormones are structurally classified as what? - Answer Amino acid based
hormones
What are the other structural classifications of hormones besides amino acid based? - Answer
Lipids which include eicosanoids and steroids
These are active lipid hormones - Answer Eicosanoids
, How do lipid based hormones react with their target cells? - Answer By direct gene activation
and pass through the phospholipid bilayer membrane of a target cell and will find a chaperone
protein inside cell nucleus
What are all of the changes hormones can have on a cell? (ASAIS) - Answer Alter plasma
membrane permeability
Stimulate protein synthesis
Activate or deactivate enzyme systems
Induce secretory activity
Stimulate cell mitosis
Write out the difference between up regulation and down regulation of cells. - Answer In up
regulation, target cells will form more receptors in response to a hormone while in down
regulation cells will lose receptors in response to a hormone.
What is the difference between a free hormone and a protein bound hormone? - Answer A
free hormone is going to be a protein based hormone because they are water soluble and can
move around in the blood freely. Lipid based hormones have to be protein bound in order to
move around in the blood because they aren't water soluble.
What systems/checkpoints does the body have in order to terminate hormone interaction with
target cells? - Answer Can be removed from the blood through:
Degrading enzymes
Kidneys (excretion in urine)
Liver enzyme systems (filtration and deactivation)
One hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present - Answer
