AHN 447 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
GERD - ANS Backwards flow (reflex esophagitis), Most common GI disorder
Symptoms of GERD (12) - ANS Dyspepsia, regurgitation, coughing, hoarseness, water brash,
dysphagia, epigastric pain, belching, nausea, pyrosis (heartburn), pharyngitis, dental caries
Main goal of GERD - ANS symptom relief
Interventions for GERD - ANS Diet therapy (Avoid coffee, chocolate, alcohol), Do not lay
down after meals (1-2hrs), sleep on your left side..never sleep flat(6-12ins), lose weight, no
constrictive clothing, aviod heavy lifting or working in a bent over position, drug
therapy..histamine blockers( famotidine (Pepcid), ranitidine(Zantac)) PPIs..(Protonix,
esomeprazole(Nexium))...Antacids(Maalox, Mylanta) ..Prokinetic (Bethanechol..(Urecholine),
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Surgical procedures for GERD - ANS Nissen fundoplication, radiofrequency ablation of vagus
nerve, enteryx procedure
Interventions for Esophageal Cancer - ANS Radiation to shrink tumor, and surgical removal
(stomach is brought up above diaphragm, NG tube surgically placed, Totally NPO for 8 weeks)
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, Complications of Esophageal Cancer surgery - ANS Multiple complications (p. 1121),
esophagus can be disconnected from stomach
Causes of gastric ulcers - ANS H. Pylori, abnormal function of pyloric sphincter, delayed
gastric emptying, lesser curvature
Causes of duodenal ulcer - ANS increased gastric acid secretions
When an ulcers goes through all layers of the stomach - ANS perforation (surgical
emergency!!)
Pepcid ulcer consideration in the elderly - ANS Common after 60, melena is usually the first
sign, altered mental status due to low hgb/hct, co-morbid meds may worsen symptoms,
increased use of OTC meds
Complications of PUD - ANS GI Bleed (Melena, hematemesis), Perforation, Pyloric
obstruction caused by scarring and edema(severe vomiting), Intractable (2/3 re-occurrence)
Causes of PUD - ANS NSAIDS, H. Pylori
PUD Assessment - ANS HX, Pain pattern..Gastric pain-30 mins post meal upper, duodenal
pain 1 to 1.5 hrs post meal lower, Dyspepsia, low H/H, N/V
PUD diagnostic test - ANS Barium swallow, EGD (most commonly used)
PUD Interventions - ANS PPI and 2 ABX (Flagyl/Clarithromycin, Amoxil), diet therapy
(BLAND), surgical managment..(dumping syndrome, NG tube)
Interventions for GI Bleed - ANS NPO, NG tube, Saline lavage, transfusions, volume
replacement
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
GERD - ANS Backwards flow (reflex esophagitis), Most common GI disorder
Symptoms of GERD (12) - ANS Dyspepsia, regurgitation, coughing, hoarseness, water brash,
dysphagia, epigastric pain, belching, nausea, pyrosis (heartburn), pharyngitis, dental caries
Main goal of GERD - ANS symptom relief
Interventions for GERD - ANS Diet therapy (Avoid coffee, chocolate, alcohol), Do not lay
down after meals (1-2hrs), sleep on your left side..never sleep flat(6-12ins), lose weight, no
constrictive clothing, aviod heavy lifting or working in a bent over position, drug
therapy..histamine blockers( famotidine (Pepcid), ranitidine(Zantac)) PPIs..(Protonix,
esomeprazole(Nexium))...Antacids(Maalox, Mylanta) ..Prokinetic (Bethanechol..(Urecholine),
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Surgical procedures for GERD - ANS Nissen fundoplication, radiofrequency ablation of vagus
nerve, enteryx procedure
Interventions for Esophageal Cancer - ANS Radiation to shrink tumor, and surgical removal
(stomach is brought up above diaphragm, NG tube surgically placed, Totally NPO for 8 weeks)
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, Complications of Esophageal Cancer surgery - ANS Multiple complications (p. 1121),
esophagus can be disconnected from stomach
Causes of gastric ulcers - ANS H. Pylori, abnormal function of pyloric sphincter, delayed
gastric emptying, lesser curvature
Causes of duodenal ulcer - ANS increased gastric acid secretions
When an ulcers goes through all layers of the stomach - ANS perforation (surgical
emergency!!)
Pepcid ulcer consideration in the elderly - ANS Common after 60, melena is usually the first
sign, altered mental status due to low hgb/hct, co-morbid meds may worsen symptoms,
increased use of OTC meds
Complications of PUD - ANS GI Bleed (Melena, hematemesis), Perforation, Pyloric
obstruction caused by scarring and edema(severe vomiting), Intractable (2/3 re-occurrence)
Causes of PUD - ANS NSAIDS, H. Pylori
PUD Assessment - ANS HX, Pain pattern..Gastric pain-30 mins post meal upper, duodenal
pain 1 to 1.5 hrs post meal lower, Dyspepsia, low H/H, N/V
PUD diagnostic test - ANS Barium swallow, EGD (most commonly used)
PUD Interventions - ANS PPI and 2 ABX (Flagyl/Clarithromycin, Amoxil), diet therapy
(BLAND), surgical managment..(dumping syndrome, NG tube)
Interventions for GI Bleed - ANS NPO, NG tube, Saline lavage, transfusions, volume
replacement
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
