AHN 447 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Primary parkinsons - ANS -idiopathic
-most common
Secondary parkinsons - ANS -occurs at <5o y/o
-only 2-10%
-caused by tumors, brain surgery, anti-psychotic medications
PD classic symptoms - ANS -bradykinesia (slow movement)
-akinesia (no movement or freezing)
-muscle rigidity/stiffness
-mask-like face
-tremors
Parkinsons dx - ANS -eliminate other diagnoses
-early s/s of sleep behavior disorder, constipation, depression/anxiety, loss of smell
Dopamine - ANS -controls movement
-affects learning and memory
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,-assists in focusing
-regulates perception & pleasure
-produces fight or flight
-aids in problem solving/stimulates creativity
Dopamine agonists - ANS -may cause orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, sleepiness
-effective first 3-5 years
-fewer dyskinesia's
-less wearing off
Levodopa-Carbidopa - ANS -GOLD STANDARD DRUG
-less expensive
-better at controlling movement/symptoms
-watch for dyskinesia
COMTs - ANS -prolong action of levodopa
MAO-B - ANS -control early/mild symptoms
-avoid tyramine (cheese, meats, red wine, beer) for up to 2 weeks after d/c
-decreases freezing episodes
PD patients should AVOID these drugs - ANS -pimavanerin
-quetiapine
-clozapine
-meperidine
-tramadol
-droperidol
-methadone
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, -compazone
-reglan
-phenergam
-inapsine
-amoxapine
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - ANS -chronic & progressive
-remissions & flare ups
-S/S: butterfly rash, myostitis, raynaud's, joint inflammation, nephritis
-Dx: rule out other causes
-Labs: CBC (pancytopenia), anti-RO-antismith antibody test
-Tx: lifelong chronic steroids & immunosuppressive therapy, skin protection, cortisone for skin
lesions
Multiple sclerosis - ANS -affects myelin sheath & conduction pathway
- S/S: muscle weakness/spasticity, intention tremors, dysmetria, parasthesias, hypalgesia
-symptoms increased by fatigue, overexertion, hot or cold
-Dx: abnormal protein in CSF, elevated WBC, plaque in white matter
-Tx: steroids, immunosuppressants, antispasmodics, biologic response modifiers, therapy
Relapsing/remitting MS - ANS -most common
-develop symptoms then resolution in weeks-months
Progressive/relapsing MS - ANS -frequent relapses make progressively worse
Primary progressive - ANS -steady decline
-no remission
3 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
100% CORRECT ANSWERS | LATEST
VERSION 2025/2026.
Primary parkinsons - ANS -idiopathic
-most common
Secondary parkinsons - ANS -occurs at <5o y/o
-only 2-10%
-caused by tumors, brain surgery, anti-psychotic medications
PD classic symptoms - ANS -bradykinesia (slow movement)
-akinesia (no movement or freezing)
-muscle rigidity/stiffness
-mask-like face
-tremors
Parkinsons dx - ANS -eliminate other diagnoses
-early s/s of sleep behavior disorder, constipation, depression/anxiety, loss of smell
Dopamine - ANS -controls movement
-affects learning and memory
1 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
,-assists in focusing
-regulates perception & pleasure
-produces fight or flight
-aids in problem solving/stimulates creativity
Dopamine agonists - ANS -may cause orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, sleepiness
-effective first 3-5 years
-fewer dyskinesia's
-less wearing off
Levodopa-Carbidopa - ANS -GOLD STANDARD DRUG
-less expensive
-better at controlling movement/symptoms
-watch for dyskinesia
COMTs - ANS -prolong action of levodopa
MAO-B - ANS -control early/mild symptoms
-avoid tyramine (cheese, meats, red wine, beer) for up to 2 weeks after d/c
-decreases freezing episodes
PD patients should AVOID these drugs - ANS -pimavanerin
-quetiapine
-clozapine
-meperidine
-tramadol
-droperidol
-methadone
2 | Page @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED
, -compazone
-reglan
-phenergam
-inapsine
-amoxapine
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - ANS -chronic & progressive
-remissions & flare ups
-S/S: butterfly rash, myostitis, raynaud's, joint inflammation, nephritis
-Dx: rule out other causes
-Labs: CBC (pancytopenia), anti-RO-antismith antibody test
-Tx: lifelong chronic steroids & immunosuppressive therapy, skin protection, cortisone for skin
lesions
Multiple sclerosis - ANS -affects myelin sheath & conduction pathway
- S/S: muscle weakness/spasticity, intention tremors, dysmetria, parasthesias, hypalgesia
-symptoms increased by fatigue, overexertion, hot or cold
-Dx: abnormal protein in CSF, elevated WBC, plaque in white matter
-Tx: steroids, immunosuppressants, antispasmodics, biologic response modifiers, therapy
Relapsing/remitting MS - ANS -most common
-develop symptoms then resolution in weeks-months
Progressive/relapsing MS - ANS -frequent relapses make progressively worse
Primary progressive - ANS -steady decline
-no remission
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