CRIS 605 - Chapter 8 Test Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
founder of suicidology - Answers Edwin Shneidman
occur for a financial or concrete gain - Answers instrumental acts
attempt to reduce psychological pain (feelings of depression, guilt, disempowerment,
hopelessness, etc.) - Answers expressive acts
___ ___ worldwide commit suicide annually (1 person every 40 seconds) - Answers 1 million
_____ in the US commit suicide annually (85 people per day) - Answers 30-35,000
suicide is the ____ leading cause of death - Answers 10th or 11th
____ to _____ survive a suicide attempt and ____ of survivors are permanently disabled - Answers
300-600,000; 19,000
Who has the highest rate of suicide? - Answers caucasian men over 35
What age group has had the highest increase in suicides over the past 30 years? What # cause
of death? - Answers ages 15-24; 2nd leading cause of death
25% of suicides occur in people over __ years of age - Answers 65
____ ____ may see suicide as a means of relieving dishonor, shame, or humiliation from oneself
or one's family - Answers eastern cultures
___ ___ commonly see suicide as a sin
- "self-murder" - Answers western cultures
Suicide when someone else provides the means (lethal agent), but the person who is dying
administers it. - Answers assisted suicide
It is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Lethal agent
administered by someone else besides the dying person - Answers euthanasia
suicide is triggered by an intrapsychic conflict that emerges when a person experiences great
psychological stress - Answers Freudian Inward Aggression theory
Views suicide in terms of life stages. If an individual does not successfully navigate these
stages, they may become unable to cope leading to suicide - Answers Developmental theory
mental deficiencies become risk factors that can lead to suicide - Answers deficiencies theory
suicide is seen as a flight from a situation deemed by the person as intolerable - Answers
escape theory
, when an individual believes that highly desired outcomes will not occur or that aversive
outcomes will occur and there is nothing they can do to change the situation - Answers
hopelessness theory
"the hurt, anguish, soreness, and aching pain of the psyche or mind"
Cubic model combines this, perturbation, and press - Answers psychache theory
How disturbed one is and degree of psychic pain one is suffering. - Answers perturbation
Stress increased due to more negative life factors piling up and increasing pressure to end life
by suicide. - Answers press
Combines psychache, perturbation (how disturbed one is and degree of pain), and press (stress
increased due to more negative factors piling up); when all three are combined, they create the
critical mass necessary to activate a suicide. - Answers cubic model
What are the 6 psychological theories of suicide? - Answers Freudian Inward Aggression,
Developmental, Deficiencies, Escape, Hopelessness, Psychache
- most important sociological theory on suicide
- societal integration and social regulation are major determinants of suicidal behavior -
Answers Durkheim's social integration (1897)
Four types of suicide in Durkheim's social integration - Answers egoistic, anomic, altruistic,
fatalistic
Related to one's lack of integration or identification with a group. - Answers egoistic suicide
Arises from a perceived or real breakdown in the norms of society, such as the financial and
economic ruin of the Great Depression - Answers anomic suicide
Related to perceived or real social solidarity, such as the traditional Japanese hara-kiri or, to put
it in a current context, the suicide attacks by members of Middle Eastern extremist groups. -
Answers altruistic suicide
Occurs when a person sees no way out of an intolerable or oppressive situation, such as being
confined in a concentration camp. - Answers fatalistic suicide
The suicide trajectory model considers the total constellation of risk factors including these 4:
The more these stressors build up, the greater the risk of suicide - Answers 1. biological
2. psychological
founder of suicidology - Answers Edwin Shneidman
occur for a financial or concrete gain - Answers instrumental acts
attempt to reduce psychological pain (feelings of depression, guilt, disempowerment,
hopelessness, etc.) - Answers expressive acts
___ ___ worldwide commit suicide annually (1 person every 40 seconds) - Answers 1 million
_____ in the US commit suicide annually (85 people per day) - Answers 30-35,000
suicide is the ____ leading cause of death - Answers 10th or 11th
____ to _____ survive a suicide attempt and ____ of survivors are permanently disabled - Answers
300-600,000; 19,000
Who has the highest rate of suicide? - Answers caucasian men over 35
What age group has had the highest increase in suicides over the past 30 years? What # cause
of death? - Answers ages 15-24; 2nd leading cause of death
25% of suicides occur in people over __ years of age - Answers 65
____ ____ may see suicide as a means of relieving dishonor, shame, or humiliation from oneself
or one's family - Answers eastern cultures
___ ___ commonly see suicide as a sin
- "self-murder" - Answers western cultures
Suicide when someone else provides the means (lethal agent), but the person who is dying
administers it. - Answers assisted suicide
It is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. Lethal agent
administered by someone else besides the dying person - Answers euthanasia
suicide is triggered by an intrapsychic conflict that emerges when a person experiences great
psychological stress - Answers Freudian Inward Aggression theory
Views suicide in terms of life stages. If an individual does not successfully navigate these
stages, they may become unable to cope leading to suicide - Answers Developmental theory
mental deficiencies become risk factors that can lead to suicide - Answers deficiencies theory
suicide is seen as a flight from a situation deemed by the person as intolerable - Answers
escape theory
, when an individual believes that highly desired outcomes will not occur or that aversive
outcomes will occur and there is nothing they can do to change the situation - Answers
hopelessness theory
"the hurt, anguish, soreness, and aching pain of the psyche or mind"
Cubic model combines this, perturbation, and press - Answers psychache theory
How disturbed one is and degree of psychic pain one is suffering. - Answers perturbation
Stress increased due to more negative life factors piling up and increasing pressure to end life
by suicide. - Answers press
Combines psychache, perturbation (how disturbed one is and degree of pain), and press (stress
increased due to more negative factors piling up); when all three are combined, they create the
critical mass necessary to activate a suicide. - Answers cubic model
What are the 6 psychological theories of suicide? - Answers Freudian Inward Aggression,
Developmental, Deficiencies, Escape, Hopelessness, Psychache
- most important sociological theory on suicide
- societal integration and social regulation are major determinants of suicidal behavior -
Answers Durkheim's social integration (1897)
Four types of suicide in Durkheim's social integration - Answers egoistic, anomic, altruistic,
fatalistic
Related to one's lack of integration or identification with a group. - Answers egoistic suicide
Arises from a perceived or real breakdown in the norms of society, such as the financial and
economic ruin of the Great Depression - Answers anomic suicide
Related to perceived or real social solidarity, such as the traditional Japanese hara-kiri or, to put
it in a current context, the suicide attacks by members of Middle Eastern extremist groups. -
Answers altruistic suicide
Occurs when a person sees no way out of an intolerable or oppressive situation, such as being
confined in a concentration camp. - Answers fatalistic suicide
The suicide trajectory model considers the total constellation of risk factors including these 4:
The more these stressors build up, the greater the risk of suicide - Answers 1. biological
2. psychological
