BCH 3025 - Module 1 Test Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
The fundamental unit of life - Answers cells
dynamic steady state - Answers occurs when gains and losses are in balance
Living organisms exist in equilibrium (t/f) - Answers false. They exist in a dynamic steady state
gradual evolution - Answers development of changes in the species that happen slowly over a
long period of time
biochemistry - Answers describes the structures, mechanisms, and chemical processes shared
by all organisms
Cells are the functional and structural unit of all living organisms (t/f) - Answers true
what defines the periphery of a cell? - Answers its plasma membrane
Cytoplasm - Answers A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytosol - Answers The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small
particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.
Where do bacteria and archaea store their genome? - Answers In the nucleoid
Where do eukaryotes store their genome? - Answers In the nucleus
Cellular dimesions are limited by diffusion (t/f) - Answers true
As size increases, surface-to-volume ratio increases (t/f) - Answers false. As size increases,
surface to volume ratio decreases
What organisms inhibit extreme environments? - Answers archaea
how do aerobic organisms transfer energy? - Answers transfer electrons from fuel to O2 for
energy
how do anaerobic organisms transfer energy? - Answers transfer electrons to nitrate, sulfate, or
CO2 for energy
obligate anaerobes - Answers die if exposed to oxygen
facultative anaerobes - Answers can live with or without oxygen
Phototrophs - Answers obtain energy from light
Chemotrophs - Answers obtain energy from chemicals
Autotroph - Answers An organism that makes its own food
, Heterotroph - Answers An organism that cannot make its own food.
Cell envelope includes - Answers plasma membrane, outer membrane, and peptidoglycan
gram-positive bacteria - Answers Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no outer
membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
gram-negative bacteria - Answers Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an
outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are
typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
Plasmids - Answers small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome and are resistant to antibiotics and toxins
Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi complex - Answers synthesis, processing, and sorting of
lipids and proteins
Peroxisomes - Answers Produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances
Lysosomes - Answers An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Vacuole - Answers Cell organelle in plants that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
Chloroplast - Answers An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Cytoskeleton - Answers network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
noncovalent interactions - Answers hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, van der Waals
interactions, and the hydrophobic effect
in vivo - Answers in the living
in vitro - Answers in glass
shape of carbons 4 single bonds - Answers tetrahedral
central metabolites - Answers -common amino acids
-nucleotides
-sugars and their phosphorylated derivatives
-mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids
secondary metabolites - Answers specific to the organism
Macromolecules are the major constituents of cells (t/f) - Answers true
The fundamental unit of life - Answers cells
dynamic steady state - Answers occurs when gains and losses are in balance
Living organisms exist in equilibrium (t/f) - Answers false. They exist in a dynamic steady state
gradual evolution - Answers development of changes in the species that happen slowly over a
long period of time
biochemistry - Answers describes the structures, mechanisms, and chemical processes shared
by all organisms
Cells are the functional and structural unit of all living organisms (t/f) - Answers true
what defines the periphery of a cell? - Answers its plasma membrane
Cytoplasm - Answers A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Cytosol - Answers The soluble portion of the cytoplasm, which includes molecules and small
particles, such as ribosomes, but not the organelles covered with membranes.
Where do bacteria and archaea store their genome? - Answers In the nucleoid
Where do eukaryotes store their genome? - Answers In the nucleus
Cellular dimesions are limited by diffusion (t/f) - Answers true
As size increases, surface-to-volume ratio increases (t/f) - Answers false. As size increases,
surface to volume ratio decreases
What organisms inhibit extreme environments? - Answers archaea
how do aerobic organisms transfer energy? - Answers transfer electrons from fuel to O2 for
energy
how do anaerobic organisms transfer energy? - Answers transfer electrons to nitrate, sulfate, or
CO2 for energy
obligate anaerobes - Answers die if exposed to oxygen
facultative anaerobes - Answers can live with or without oxygen
Phototrophs - Answers obtain energy from light
Chemotrophs - Answers obtain energy from chemicals
Autotroph - Answers An organism that makes its own food
, Heterotroph - Answers An organism that cannot make its own food.
Cell envelope includes - Answers plasma membrane, outer membrane, and peptidoglycan
gram-positive bacteria - Answers Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no outer
membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.
gram-negative bacteria - Answers Bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan cell wall covered by an
outer plasma membrane. They stain very lightly (pink) in Gram stain. Gram-negative bacteria are
typically more resistant to antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria.
Plasmids - Answers small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial
chromosome and are resistant to antibiotics and toxins
Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi complex - Answers synthesis, processing, and sorting of
lipids and proteins
Peroxisomes - Answers Produce hydrogen peroxide; detoxify harmful substances
Lysosomes - Answers An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Vacuole - Answers Cell organelle in plants that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins,
and carbohydrates
Chloroplast - Answers An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs
Cytoskeleton - Answers network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell
maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement
noncovalent interactions - Answers hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, van der Waals
interactions, and the hydrophobic effect
in vivo - Answers in the living
in vitro - Answers in glass
shape of carbons 4 single bonds - Answers tetrahedral
central metabolites - Answers -common amino acids
-nucleotides
-sugars and their phosphorylated derivatives
-mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids
secondary metabolites - Answers specific to the organism
Macromolecules are the major constituents of cells (t/f) - Answers true
