BIOLOGY 1442 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
"SAR" Clade (example) Correct Answer Subgroup contains
(and is named after) three large & diverse clades: Stramenopila,
Alveolata, and Rhizaria.
Abiotic Correct Answer Nonliving: referring to the physical
& chemical properties of an environment
Abyssal zone Correct Answer The part of the ocean's benthic
zone between 2km & 6km deep
Acanthocephala (example) Correct Answer In
lophotrochozoan clade
AKA spiny-headed worms because of curved hooks on
proboscis.
All are parasitic
Acanthodian Correct Answer Any of a group of ancient jawed
aquatic vertebrates from the Silurian & Devonian periods
Acoela (example) Correct Answer Flatworms w/ simple
nervous system & saclike gut (were once placed in phylum
Platyhelminthes).
Acoelomate Correct Answer A solid-bodied animal lacking a
cavity between the gut & outer body wall
,Adaptation Correct Answer Inherited characteristics of
organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in
specific environments
Adaptive evolution Correct Answer Evolution that results in a
better match between organism & their environment
Adaptive Radiation Correct Answer Period of evolutionary
change in which groups of organisms form many new species
whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in
their communities
Age structure Correct Answer The relative number of
individuals of each age in a population
Alfred Russel Wallace Correct Answer British naturalist who
developed a hypothesis of natural selection similar to Darwin's;
paper was published after Darwin's
Algae Correct Answer A member of a diverse collection of
photosynthetic protists that include both unicellular &
multicellular forms. Algae species are included in three
eukaryotic supergroups (Excava, "SAR" clade, and
Archaeplastida)
Alimentary canal Correct Answer A complete digestive tract,
consisting of a tube running between a mouth & an anus
Alkaline vents Correct Answer A deep sea hydrothermal vent
that releases water that is warm rather than hot and that has a
high pH.
,Allele Correct Answer Any of the alternative versions of a
gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
Allele frequency Correct Answer Proportion of an allele in a
gene pool.
Allopatric speciation Correct Answer The formation of new
species in populations that are geographically isolated from one
another
Allopolyploid Correct Answer An individual that has more
than two chromosome sets that are derived from a single species
Alternation of generations Correct Answer A life cycle in
which there is both a multicellular diploid from, the sporophyte,
and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic
of plants & some algae
Altruism Correct Answer Selflessness; behavior that reduces
an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another
individual
Alveolates Correct Answer One of the three major subgroups
for which the "SAR" Eukaryotic supergroup is named.
Clade arose by secondary endosymbiosis; alveolate protists have
a membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli) located just under the
plasma membrane
Alveolates (example) Correct Answer Subgroup of SAR clade
, Include many photosynthetic species as well as important
pathogens, such as Plasmodium (malaria)
Ammonite Correct Answer A member of a group of shelled
cephalopods that were important marine predators for hundreds
of millions of years until their extinction at the end of the
Cretaceous period (65.5Mya)
Amniote Correct Answer A member of a clade of tetrapods
named from a key derived character, the amniotic egg which
contains specialized membranes, including the fluid-filled
amnion, that protects the embry.
Amniotes include mammals as well as birds & other reptiles
Amniotic egg Correct Answer An egg that contains
specialized membranes that function in protection, nourishment,
& gas exchange. The amniotic egg was a major evolutionary
innovation, allowing embryos to develop on land in a fluid-filled
sac, thus reducing the dependence of tetrapods on water for
reproduction
Amoeba Correct Answer A protist characterized by the
presence of pseudopodia
Amoebocyte Correct Answer An amoeba-like cell that moves
by pseudopodia & is found in most animals. Depending on the
species, it may digest & distribute food, dispose of wastes, form
skeletal fibers, fight infections, or change into other cell types
SOLUTIONS
"SAR" Clade (example) Correct Answer Subgroup contains
(and is named after) three large & diverse clades: Stramenopila,
Alveolata, and Rhizaria.
Abiotic Correct Answer Nonliving: referring to the physical
& chemical properties of an environment
Abyssal zone Correct Answer The part of the ocean's benthic
zone between 2km & 6km deep
Acanthocephala (example) Correct Answer In
lophotrochozoan clade
AKA spiny-headed worms because of curved hooks on
proboscis.
All are parasitic
Acanthodian Correct Answer Any of a group of ancient jawed
aquatic vertebrates from the Silurian & Devonian periods
Acoela (example) Correct Answer Flatworms w/ simple
nervous system & saclike gut (were once placed in phylum
Platyhelminthes).
Acoelomate Correct Answer A solid-bodied animal lacking a
cavity between the gut & outer body wall
,Adaptation Correct Answer Inherited characteristics of
organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in
specific environments
Adaptive evolution Correct Answer Evolution that results in a
better match between organism & their environment
Adaptive Radiation Correct Answer Period of evolutionary
change in which groups of organisms form many new species
whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in
their communities
Age structure Correct Answer The relative number of
individuals of each age in a population
Alfred Russel Wallace Correct Answer British naturalist who
developed a hypothesis of natural selection similar to Darwin's;
paper was published after Darwin's
Algae Correct Answer A member of a diverse collection of
photosynthetic protists that include both unicellular &
multicellular forms. Algae species are included in three
eukaryotic supergroups (Excava, "SAR" clade, and
Archaeplastida)
Alimentary canal Correct Answer A complete digestive tract,
consisting of a tube running between a mouth & an anus
Alkaline vents Correct Answer A deep sea hydrothermal vent
that releases water that is warm rather than hot and that has a
high pH.
,Allele Correct Answer Any of the alternative versions of a
gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects
Allele frequency Correct Answer Proportion of an allele in a
gene pool.
Allopatric speciation Correct Answer The formation of new
species in populations that are geographically isolated from one
another
Allopolyploid Correct Answer An individual that has more
than two chromosome sets that are derived from a single species
Alternation of generations Correct Answer A life cycle in
which there is both a multicellular diploid from, the sporophyte,
and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic
of plants & some algae
Altruism Correct Answer Selflessness; behavior that reduces
an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another
individual
Alveolates Correct Answer One of the three major subgroups
for which the "SAR" Eukaryotic supergroup is named.
Clade arose by secondary endosymbiosis; alveolate protists have
a membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli) located just under the
plasma membrane
Alveolates (example) Correct Answer Subgroup of SAR clade
, Include many photosynthetic species as well as important
pathogens, such as Plasmodium (malaria)
Ammonite Correct Answer A member of a group of shelled
cephalopods that were important marine predators for hundreds
of millions of years until their extinction at the end of the
Cretaceous period (65.5Mya)
Amniote Correct Answer A member of a clade of tetrapods
named from a key derived character, the amniotic egg which
contains specialized membranes, including the fluid-filled
amnion, that protects the embry.
Amniotes include mammals as well as birds & other reptiles
Amniotic egg Correct Answer An egg that contains
specialized membranes that function in protection, nourishment,
& gas exchange. The amniotic egg was a major evolutionary
innovation, allowing embryos to develop on land in a fluid-filled
sac, thus reducing the dependence of tetrapods on water for
reproduction
Amoeba Correct Answer A protist characterized by the
presence of pseudopodia
Amoebocyte Correct Answer An amoeba-like cell that moves
by pseudopodia & is found in most animals. Depending on the
species, it may digest & distribute food, dispose of wastes, form
skeletal fibers, fight infections, or change into other cell types
