Intro to Educational Psychology CLEP
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Token Economy - Correct answer-A form of behavior modification using operant
conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the desired behavior, he is
awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be traded for a physical
possession or special privilege.
Pedagogy - Correct answer-The art of teaching. It encompasses different styles and
methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - Correct answer-A theory which focuses on how to structure
material to best teach students, especially young ones. This approach can be
divided into two general approaches: cognitive and behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - Correct answer-A teaching style which seeks to instruct
students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This area of teaching
is influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
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,Law of Effect - Correct answer-A principle proposed by Edward Thorndike stating
behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while those with negative
outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - Correct answer-A type of instruction which involves the
teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a particular learning
goals. This type of teaching is best for learning math or other complex skills, but
not for less structured tasks such as English composition.
Academic Learning Time - Correct answer-The amount of time the student spends
focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the material.
Scheduled Time - Correct answer-The total length of the class.
Allocated Time - Correct answer-The amount of class time devoted to teaching.
Engaged Time - Correct answer-The amount of Allocated Time each individual
student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - Correct answer-A method of pedagogy where the teacher actively
looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a subject. Ways of doing this
include actively presenting concepts, checking to see if the students understand,
and reteaching any trouble areas for the students.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
,Generative learning - Correct answer-A type of learning where the teacher
encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The teacher will
show relationships between the new subject matter and past learning and will
encourage the students to have confidence in their own ability to make these
connections.
Two-sigma problem - Correct answer-According to researcher Benjamin Bloom,
students with individual tutors generally perform two standard deviations (two
"sigmas") above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - Correct answer-A testing procedure that measures an
individual student's score relative to those of a representative group of students.
These tests are used to rank students based on their skill levels compared to their
peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - Correct answer-A testing procedure that measures a
student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a certain concept. The
purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a student has achieved a certain
learning objective.
Instruction - Correct answer-All sources that contribute to a student's learning. This
term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any others who promote
education.
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, Carroll's Model of School Learning - Correct answer-A learning model that
proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort needed to the
effort spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - Correct answer-Allowing each student to reach full mastery of
a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - Correct answer-The study of how students learn and
develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - Correct answer-A humanistic, interdisciplinary form
of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and imagination in learning.
According to this theory, children pass through three learning stages: imitative
learning, artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - Correct answer-A disruptive
disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits such as impulse
control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The three types
are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and
combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 4
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
Token Economy - Correct answer-A form of behavior modification using operant
conditioning principles. Every time the patient displays the desired behavior, he is
awarded a token (such as a star or a coin) that can be traded for a physical
possession or special privilege.
Pedagogy - Correct answer-The art of teaching. It encompasses different styles and
methods of instructing.
Instructional Theory - Correct answer-A theory which focuses on how to structure
material to best teach students, especially young ones. This approach can be
divided into two general approaches: cognitive and behavioral.
Critical pedagogy - Correct answer-A teaching style which seeks to instruct
students in how to recognize and rise up against oppression. This area of teaching
is influenced by the works of Karl Marx.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 1
,Law of Effect - Correct answer-A principle proposed by Edward Thorndike stating
behaviors with positive outcomes will be repeated while those with negative
outcomes will be avoided.
Direct instruction - Correct answer-A type of instruction which involves the
teacher systematically leading the students step by step to a particular learning
goals. This type of teaching is best for learning math or other complex skills, but
not for less structured tasks such as English composition.
Academic Learning Time - Correct answer-The amount of time the student spends
focused on his studies when he is successful at learning the material.
Scheduled Time - Correct answer-The total length of the class.
Allocated Time - Correct answer-The amount of class time devoted to teaching.
Engaged Time - Correct answer-The amount of Allocated Time each individual
student spends focused on the class.
Active teaching - Correct answer-A method of pedagogy where the teacher actively
looks for ways to improve the students' knowledge of a subject. Ways of doing this
include actively presenting concepts, checking to see if the students understand,
and reteaching any trouble areas for the students.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 2
,Generative learning - Correct answer-A type of learning where the teacher
encourages the students to find their own meaning in learning. The teacher will
show relationships between the new subject matter and past learning and will
encourage the students to have confidence in their own ability to make these
connections.
Two-sigma problem - Correct answer-According to researcher Benjamin Bloom,
students with individual tutors generally perform two standard deviations (two
"sigmas") above those in average classrooms.
Norm-Referenced Testing - Correct answer-A testing procedure that measures an
individual student's score relative to those of a representative group of students.
These tests are used to rank students based on their skill levels compared to their
peers.
Criterion-Referenced Testing - Correct answer-A testing procedure that measures a
student's mastery of a particular skill or understanding of a certain concept. The
purpose of this kind of test is to measure whether a student has achieved a certain
learning objective.
Instruction - Correct answer-All sources that contribute to a student's learning. This
term includes the teacher, the textbook, the principal, and any others who promote
education.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 3
, Carroll's Model of School Learning - Correct answer-A learning model that
proposes that learning is a function of the ratio between the effort needed to the
effort spent learning.
learning=f(time spent/time needed)
Mastery Learning - Correct answer-Allowing each student to reach full mastery of
a concept, regardless of how long it takes.
Educational Psychology - Correct answer-The study of how students learn and
develop.
Steiner-Waldorf Education - Correct answer-A humanistic, interdisciplinary form
of teaching which emphasizes the role of creativity and imagination in learning.
According to this theory, children pass through three learning stages: imitative
learning, artistic learning, and abstract learning.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) - Correct answer-A disruptive
disorder characterized by the underdevelopment of certain traits such as impulse
control, leading to inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. The three types
are predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, predominantly inattentive, and
combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive.
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVE 4
