BIOL 316 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update

BIOL 316 Exam 2 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update Primary effects of temperature an animal's tissue (2) - Answers - how the issue performs - the rate of energy expenditure Endotherms - Answers Animals that warm their tissues using heat produced by metabolism. Ectotherms - Answers Animals that use the external environment to regulate their temperature Thermoregulator - Answers maintain relatively constant internal body temps (Can be endotherm or ectotherm) Homeotherms - Answers Animals that regulate by physiological means Heterothermy - Answers When the body temperature of an individual animal differs from time to time or from one part of the body to another Temporal heterotherms - Answers hibernating mammals regional heterotherms - Answers bees Temperature - Answers a measure of the average kinetic energy of atoms in the object Heat - Answers A form of energy. Total kinetic energy summed across all atoms of an object. Thermal mass - Answers the ability of a material to absorb and store heat energy Thermal inertia - Answers The ability of a material to maintain its temperature Conduction - Answers The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching., (macroscopically motionless) Convection - Answers The direct transfer of heat through direct contact with a material substance that is in macroscopic motion. Evaporation - Answers transfer of heat via evaporation of water from the animal. This occurs because water absorbs heat when in changes state from liquid to gas. Thermal Radiation - Answers transfer of heat at a distance via electromagnetic radiation emitted and absorbed by pieces of matter. Larger animals have ______ thermal mass and ________ thermal inertia - Answers greater, greater behavioral thermoregulation - Answers when an ectotherm maintains relatively constant body temperatures by choosing where they position themselves in space, and then they are active in time. VT(max)= - Answers Voluntary thermal maximum, body temp at which lizards in an incubator attempted to flee Operative temperatures - Answers body temperatures an animal could experience in various microenvironments Operative Temperature Model (OTM) - Answers Measurement tools to find operative temperatures that mimic some of animal's thermal properties. Preferred Temperatures - Answers The mean (middle 50%) of body temps that individuals choose in the absence of ecological constraint. Typically measured in a laboratory thermal gradient. Thermal performance curve (TPC) - Answers describe the relationship between temperature and an ecologically relevant "performance" like locomotor speed, digestive efficiency, or immune function. Ectotherms should prefer body temperatures that maximize performance T(opt)= - Answers Thermal Optimum. Peak of TPC T(br)= - Answers Thermal performance breadth. Width of TPC P9max)= - Answers Maximal Performance. Height of TPC CT(min)= - Answers Critical Thermal Minimum. Start of TPC CT(max)= - Answers Critical Thermal Maximum. End of TPC Eurythermal - Answers a species that can perform across a wide range of body temperatures. AKA Thermal generalists Stenothermal - Answers a species that can only perform across a narrow range of body temperatures. AKA Thermal specialists Acute Responses - Answers changes in the body that occur as body temperatures change Chronic responses - Answers changes in the body that occur after sustained shifts in body temperature Temperature coefficient - Answers the measure of the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction Q(10)= - Answers R(T)/R(T-10). Temperature coefficient Metabolic Fever - Answers Fever that is not due to infection Behavioral Fever - Answers Warming by environmental circumstances Correlative Models - Answers use the current distribution of a species to predict its future distribution, AKA climate envelope Mechanistic Models - Answers incorporate relationships between environmental temperatures and traits of organisms to predict the effects of climate change Correlative model assumptions - Answers 1)species occupy the full range of thermal environments that their physiology permits