NSG 501 - Final Exam Flashcards Questions With Complete
Solutions
Major Surgery
surgery with extensive reconstruction of a body part and poses
the greatest risk to the patient's wellbeing (Ex: C-section)
Minor Surgery
surgery with minimal reconstruction of a body part and poses
minimal risk to the patient's wellbeing (Ex: Tooth Extraction)
Elective Surgery
a non-essential surgery (Ex: breast reconstruction)
Urgent Surgery
surgery that is essential for the patient's health (Ex:
Cholecystectomy)
Emergency Surgery
surgery that must be done immediately in order to keep a patient
alive (Ex: control of internal hemorrhaging)
Diagnostic Surgery
surgery that is performed for diagnostic purposes (Ex: Breast
mass biopsy)
Ablative Surgery
removal of a diseased body part (Ex: Amputation)
Palliative Surgery
,surgery that relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms
(Ex: Colostomy)
Procurement for Transplant
removal of organs or tissues from a person pronounced brain
dead or a living person to another person needing an organ for
living. (Ex: Kidney)
Constructive/Reconstructive/Restorative
surgery that restores appearance to traumatized or
malfunctioning tissues (Ex: scar revision)
Cosmetic Surgery
surgery that is performed to improve appearance (Ex:
Rhinoplasty)
Principles of Surgical Asepsis
1. An object remains sterile only when touched by another
sterile object
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object
held below a person's waist is contaminated
4. A sterile object of field becomes contaminated by prolonged
exposure to air
5. A sterile field or object becomes contaminated by capillary
action
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
7. The edges of a sterile field are considered contaminated
Stage 1 Pressure Injury
, - intact skin with non-blanchable redness
- Changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness may proceed
visual changes
Stage 2 Pressure Injury
- partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
- Wound bed: viable, pink or red, and moist
Stage 3 Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin loss
- Adipose tissue is visible with epibole (roll of wound edges)
- Slough or eschar may be visible
- Depth of wound depends on location
Stage 4 Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin and tissue loss
- Bone, muscle, or tendon is exposed
- Epibole, undermining, and tunneling often occur
- Slough and eschar may be visible
Deep Tissue Pressure Injury
- purple, non-blanchable area of intact skin due to deep tissue
destruction
- Pain & temperature change often precede visual changes
Unstageable Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin and tissue loss
- Extent of damage cannot be determined due to slough or
eschar
- Wound base cannot be assessed
Solutions
Major Surgery
surgery with extensive reconstruction of a body part and poses
the greatest risk to the patient's wellbeing (Ex: C-section)
Minor Surgery
surgery with minimal reconstruction of a body part and poses
minimal risk to the patient's wellbeing (Ex: Tooth Extraction)
Elective Surgery
a non-essential surgery (Ex: breast reconstruction)
Urgent Surgery
surgery that is essential for the patient's health (Ex:
Cholecystectomy)
Emergency Surgery
surgery that must be done immediately in order to keep a patient
alive (Ex: control of internal hemorrhaging)
Diagnostic Surgery
surgery that is performed for diagnostic purposes (Ex: Breast
mass biopsy)
Ablative Surgery
removal of a diseased body part (Ex: Amputation)
Palliative Surgery
,surgery that relieves or reduces intensity of disease symptoms
(Ex: Colostomy)
Procurement for Transplant
removal of organs or tissues from a person pronounced brain
dead or a living person to another person needing an organ for
living. (Ex: Kidney)
Constructive/Reconstructive/Restorative
surgery that restores appearance to traumatized or
malfunctioning tissues (Ex: scar revision)
Cosmetic Surgery
surgery that is performed to improve appearance (Ex:
Rhinoplasty)
Principles of Surgical Asepsis
1. An object remains sterile only when touched by another
sterile object
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object
held below a person's waist is contaminated
4. A sterile object of field becomes contaminated by prolonged
exposure to air
5. A sterile field or object becomes contaminated by capillary
action
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity
7. The edges of a sterile field are considered contaminated
Stage 1 Pressure Injury
, - intact skin with non-blanchable redness
- Changes in sensation, temperature, or firmness may proceed
visual changes
Stage 2 Pressure Injury
- partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
- Wound bed: viable, pink or red, and moist
Stage 3 Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin loss
- Adipose tissue is visible with epibole (roll of wound edges)
- Slough or eschar may be visible
- Depth of wound depends on location
Stage 4 Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin and tissue loss
- Bone, muscle, or tendon is exposed
- Epibole, undermining, and tunneling often occur
- Slough and eschar may be visible
Deep Tissue Pressure Injury
- purple, non-blanchable area of intact skin due to deep tissue
destruction
- Pain & temperature change often precede visual changes
Unstageable Pressure Injury
- full thickness skin and tissue loss
- Extent of damage cannot be determined due to slough or
eschar
- Wound base cannot be assessed
