Psych 350 Exam 1 UMass Amherst
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
nature/nurture - CORRECT ANSWER - both genetic and environmental factors influence
phenotype
continuity/discontinuity - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny pine tree looks like a smaller
version of the adult pine tree. this is an example of quantitative change. continuous change,
continuity theory.
butterflies start as a caterpillar, then a cocoon, then a butterfly. stages are radically different.
qualitative change, discontinuous change, discontinuity theories.
sociocultural influence - CORRECT ANSWER - physical context= house, daycare,
school, urban, rural, neighborhood
social context= partners, siblings, other family members, teachers, friends, peers
economic context= national wealth, social wealth, family/individual wealth
cultural context= language, values, traditions, attitudes, laws, political tsutrue, technology
historical context= influences all these other factors, traditional practices, policies, economy,
technology, etc.
Individual differences
possible sources?
Genes
Treatment by other people
Subjective reactions to other people's treatment
Choice of environments
All vary even within the same family
the "active child" - CORRECT ANSWER - kids play a role in their own development.
Preferences to attend to certain things
,People over objects, caregiver over others
Motivated to learn
Little experimenters: ex dripping food
Practice language when alone
Pretend play
Selection of their own environment
Increases w age
Friends they play with
Activities they engage in
Places they go
Books they read
why are there individual differences? - CORRECT ANSWER - Genes
Treatment by other people
Subjective reactions to other people's treatment
Choice of environments
All vary even within the same family
What was arguably the first developmental study (discussed in the second lecture)? Describe
who it involved, what it was testing for, the method etc. - CORRECT ANSWER - Rivalry
between ancient egypt and phrygia (modern day turkey, syria). A battle over who was the
original civilization.
Ancient egypt - Psammetichus II the Pharaoh- lets do an experiment?
Raise kids from birth isolated from language, see what language the children automatically pick
up
Picked a shepherd, cut out his tongue so he could not speak to his two young children. The
children were raised normally besides having no language. First word they said was "Bekos"
which is a phrygian word. This made them think that phrygian is the original language. At this
time, they thought that children were born with language
, Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER - this person was for nurture.
all knowledge comes from experience
child-rearing should adjust to the needs of the child
plato - CORRECT ANSWER - this person was for nature.
Born with innate knowledge
Strict discipline and self control always
locke - CORRECT ANSWER - life begins as a blank slate (tabula rasa)
Emphasizes nurture
Importance of early strict parenting, progressive freedom
rousseau - CORRECT ANSWER - Innately good - noble savage
Emphasized nature
Child learns via spontaneous interactions with objects and people NOT instruction
darwin - CORRECT ANSWER - Published a book that was the first pseudoscientific
work on child development -" Biographical sketch of an infant." A diary of his own child's
development
From Willem's birth to age five and his daughter for some of her youth. Refers to his kids as "it"
Meticulous observations
Theory of evolution
Examination of human species
logic of "controlled-rearing" studies - CORRECT ANSWER - Deprivation studies
How does being deprived of some experience early in life change development?
Studied on animals
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
nature/nurture - CORRECT ANSWER - both genetic and environmental factors influence
phenotype
continuity/discontinuity - CORRECT ANSWER - tiny pine tree looks like a smaller
version of the adult pine tree. this is an example of quantitative change. continuous change,
continuity theory.
butterflies start as a caterpillar, then a cocoon, then a butterfly. stages are radically different.
qualitative change, discontinuous change, discontinuity theories.
sociocultural influence - CORRECT ANSWER - physical context= house, daycare,
school, urban, rural, neighborhood
social context= partners, siblings, other family members, teachers, friends, peers
economic context= national wealth, social wealth, family/individual wealth
cultural context= language, values, traditions, attitudes, laws, political tsutrue, technology
historical context= influences all these other factors, traditional practices, policies, economy,
technology, etc.
Individual differences
possible sources?
Genes
Treatment by other people
Subjective reactions to other people's treatment
Choice of environments
All vary even within the same family
the "active child" - CORRECT ANSWER - kids play a role in their own development.
Preferences to attend to certain things
,People over objects, caregiver over others
Motivated to learn
Little experimenters: ex dripping food
Practice language when alone
Pretend play
Selection of their own environment
Increases w age
Friends they play with
Activities they engage in
Places they go
Books they read
why are there individual differences? - CORRECT ANSWER - Genes
Treatment by other people
Subjective reactions to other people's treatment
Choice of environments
All vary even within the same family
What was arguably the first developmental study (discussed in the second lecture)? Describe
who it involved, what it was testing for, the method etc. - CORRECT ANSWER - Rivalry
between ancient egypt and phrygia (modern day turkey, syria). A battle over who was the
original civilization.
Ancient egypt - Psammetichus II the Pharaoh- lets do an experiment?
Raise kids from birth isolated from language, see what language the children automatically pick
up
Picked a shepherd, cut out his tongue so he could not speak to his two young children. The
children were raised normally besides having no language. First word they said was "Bekos"
which is a phrygian word. This made them think that phrygian is the original language. At this
time, they thought that children were born with language
, Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER - this person was for nurture.
all knowledge comes from experience
child-rearing should adjust to the needs of the child
plato - CORRECT ANSWER - this person was for nature.
Born with innate knowledge
Strict discipline and self control always
locke - CORRECT ANSWER - life begins as a blank slate (tabula rasa)
Emphasizes nurture
Importance of early strict parenting, progressive freedom
rousseau - CORRECT ANSWER - Innately good - noble savage
Emphasized nature
Child learns via spontaneous interactions with objects and people NOT instruction
darwin - CORRECT ANSWER - Published a book that was the first pseudoscientific
work on child development -" Biographical sketch of an infant." A diary of his own child's
development
From Willem's birth to age five and his daughter for some of her youth. Refers to his kids as "it"
Meticulous observations
Theory of evolution
Examination of human species
logic of "controlled-rearing" studies - CORRECT ANSWER - Deprivation studies
How does being deprived of some experience early in life change development?
Studied on animals
