WGU C172 Network and Security Foundations
Objective Assessment ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 QUESTIONS BANK AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Protocol - ANSWER ✓ The set of rules established for users to exchange
information
2. Topology - ANSWER ✓ The network architecture used to interconnect the
networking equipment
3. Deterministic network - ANSWER ✓ Each station connected to the network
is ensured access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time
intervals
4. Bus topology - ANSWER ✓ The computers share the media (coaxial cable)
for data transmission
5. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - ANSWER ✓ A
set of protocols made up of four layers (Application, Transport, Network,
Network Interface Layer) used to connect network devices to each other
6. Network Interface Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that
establishes how data should be physically sent through the network.
Ethernet
In conjunction with layers 1 PHYSICAL and 2 DATA LINK
7. Network Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that defines the
logical transmission protocols for the whole network.
, - IP ( Internet Protocol)
- ARP ( Address Resolution Protocol)
- ICMP (Internet Contol Message Protocol)
- IGMP
in conjunction with layer 3 NETWORK of the OSI Model.
8. Transport Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that s
responsible for the end-to-end transport of data. The protocols that live in
this layer are.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
In conjunction with layer 4 TRANSPORT of the OSI Model
9. Application Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that is
responsible for the communication protocols between nodes. The protocols
in this layer include.
- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
- SSH (Secure Shell)
- FTTP
- Telnet
- NTP (Network Time Protocol)
- DHCP
- PING
In conjunction with Layers 5 SESSION, 6 PRESENTATION, AND 7
APPLICATION of the OSI model.
10.Physical Layer (OSI model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 1 of the OSI Model
responsible for the physical connections of the devices in the network. This
layer is implemented through the use of devices such as hubs, repeaters,
modem devices, and physical cabling.
11.Data Link Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 2 of the OSI Model
responsible for the error-free delivery of data to the receiving device or
node. This layer is implemented through the use of devices such as switches
, and bridge devices, as well as anything with a network interface, like
wireless or wired network cards.
12.Network Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 3 of the OSI Model
responsible for the transmission of data between hosts in different networks
as well as routing of data packets. This layer is implemented through the use
of devices such as routers and some switches.
13.Transport Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 4 of the OSI Model
provides services to the application layer and receives services from the
network layer and is responsible for the reliable delivery of data. It segments
and reassembles data in the correct order for it to be sent to the receiving
device. It may also handle the reliable delivery of data and any retries of data
that are lost or corrupted (for example, TCP does this). This layer is often
called the heart of OSI.
14.Session Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 5 of the OSI Model
responsible for connection establishment, session maintenance, and
authentication.
15.Presentation Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 6 of the OSI Model
responsible for translating data from the application layer into the format
required to transmit the data over the network as well as encrypting the data
for security if encryption is used.
16.Application layer (OSI model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 7 of the OSI Model
responsible for network applications (like HTTP or FTP) and their
production of data to be transferred over the network.
17.A part of a computer system or network designed to block unauthorized
access while permitting outward communication. - ANSWER ✓ Firewall
18.The inbound and outbound data packets are compared to determine if a
connection should be allowed. - ANSWER ✓ Stateful Inspection Firewall
19.The client gets access to the network via the
____________________________. This step is used to authenticate the
user, establish the session, and set policies. - ANSWER ✓ Proxy Server
, 20.Can also limit information moving from one segment to another. -
ANSWER ✓ Packet Filtering Firewall
21.Explicit ports must be opened to allow incoming and outgoing traffic. -
ANSWER ✓ Packet Filtering Firewall
22.How can a network admin harden hosts and network devices? - ANSWER ✓
Lock all doors to IT assets
Remove default or out of the box passwords.
Remove all unnecessary logins
Keep patches up to date
Audit Access
23.ARP Poisoning allows an attacker to - ANSWER ✓ Eavesdrop on the traffic
sent through the Switch
24.What phrase represents Authentication best? - ANSWER ✓ Are you who
you say you are?
25.What phrase represents Authorization the best? - ANSWER ✓ What can you
do based on who you are?
26.What phrase represents Accounting the best? - ANSWER ✓ What did you
do?
27.Attackers that choose to perform malicious attacks for profit are called white
hat attackers. - ANSWER ✓ False
28.What type of exploit is occurring when an attacker attempts to hide their
identity while communicating on a network? - ANSWER ✓ Spoofing
29.When an attacker is inserting text that is too large to fit within a region of
memory, what type of attack are they trying to perform? - ANSWER ✓
Buffer overflow
Objective Assessment ACTUAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2025/2026 QUESTIONS BANK AND VERIFIED CORRECT
SOLUTIONS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS
<LATEST VERSION>
1. Protocol - ANSWER ✓ The set of rules established for users to exchange
information
2. Topology - ANSWER ✓ The network architecture used to interconnect the
networking equipment
3. Deterministic network - ANSWER ✓ Each station connected to the network
is ensured access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time
intervals
4. Bus topology - ANSWER ✓ The computers share the media (coaxial cable)
for data transmission
5. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) - ANSWER ✓ A
set of protocols made up of four layers (Application, Transport, Network,
Network Interface Layer) used to connect network devices to each other
6. Network Interface Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that
establishes how data should be physically sent through the network.
Ethernet
In conjunction with layers 1 PHYSICAL and 2 DATA LINK
7. Network Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that defines the
logical transmission protocols for the whole network.
, - IP ( Internet Protocol)
- ARP ( Address Resolution Protocol)
- ICMP (Internet Contol Message Protocol)
- IGMP
in conjunction with layer 3 NETWORK of the OSI Model.
8. Transport Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that s
responsible for the end-to-end transport of data. The protocols that live in
this layer are.
- TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
- UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
In conjunction with layer 4 TRANSPORT of the OSI Model
9. Application Layer (TCP/IP) - ANSWER ✓ TCP/IP model layer that is
responsible for the communication protocols between nodes. The protocols
in this layer include.
- HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
- SSH (Secure Shell)
- FTTP
- Telnet
- NTP (Network Time Protocol)
- DHCP
- PING
In conjunction with Layers 5 SESSION, 6 PRESENTATION, AND 7
APPLICATION of the OSI model.
10.Physical Layer (OSI model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 1 of the OSI Model
responsible for the physical connections of the devices in the network. This
layer is implemented through the use of devices such as hubs, repeaters,
modem devices, and physical cabling.
11.Data Link Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 2 of the OSI Model
responsible for the error-free delivery of data to the receiving device or
node. This layer is implemented through the use of devices such as switches
, and bridge devices, as well as anything with a network interface, like
wireless or wired network cards.
12.Network Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 3 of the OSI Model
responsible for the transmission of data between hosts in different networks
as well as routing of data packets. This layer is implemented through the use
of devices such as routers and some switches.
13.Transport Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 4 of the OSI Model
provides services to the application layer and receives services from the
network layer and is responsible for the reliable delivery of data. It segments
and reassembles data in the correct order for it to be sent to the receiving
device. It may also handle the reliable delivery of data and any retries of data
that are lost or corrupted (for example, TCP does this). This layer is often
called the heart of OSI.
14.Session Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 5 of the OSI Model
responsible for connection establishment, session maintenance, and
authentication.
15.Presentation Layer (OSI Model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 6 of the OSI Model
responsible for translating data from the application layer into the format
required to transmit the data over the network as well as encrypting the data
for security if encryption is used.
16.Application layer (OSI model) - ANSWER ✓ Layer 7 of the OSI Model
responsible for network applications (like HTTP or FTP) and their
production of data to be transferred over the network.
17.A part of a computer system or network designed to block unauthorized
access while permitting outward communication. - ANSWER ✓ Firewall
18.The inbound and outbound data packets are compared to determine if a
connection should be allowed. - ANSWER ✓ Stateful Inspection Firewall
19.The client gets access to the network via the
____________________________. This step is used to authenticate the
user, establish the session, and set policies. - ANSWER ✓ Proxy Server
, 20.Can also limit information moving from one segment to another. -
ANSWER ✓ Packet Filtering Firewall
21.Explicit ports must be opened to allow incoming and outgoing traffic. -
ANSWER ✓ Packet Filtering Firewall
22.How can a network admin harden hosts and network devices? - ANSWER ✓
Lock all doors to IT assets
Remove default or out of the box passwords.
Remove all unnecessary logins
Keep patches up to date
Audit Access
23.ARP Poisoning allows an attacker to - ANSWER ✓ Eavesdrop on the traffic
sent through the Switch
24.What phrase represents Authentication best? - ANSWER ✓ Are you who
you say you are?
25.What phrase represents Authorization the best? - ANSWER ✓ What can you
do based on who you are?
26.What phrase represents Accounting the best? - ANSWER ✓ What did you
do?
27.Attackers that choose to perform malicious attacks for profit are called white
hat attackers. - ANSWER ✓ False
28.What type of exploit is occurring when an attacker attempts to hide their
identity while communicating on a network? - ANSWER ✓ Spoofing
29.When an attacker is inserting text that is too large to fit within a region of
memory, what type of attack are they trying to perform? - ANSWER ✓
Buffer overflow
