KU BIOL 600 EXAM 1 Review Questions, Biochem final Questions with Detailed Verified Answers

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KU BIOL 600 EXAM 1 Review Questions,
Biochem final Questions with Detailed
Verified Answers

Question: DNA is made from the building blocks adenine, guanine,
cytosine, and...

Ans✅ ✅: thymine

Question: The number of hydrogen bonds formed between A and T

Ans✅ ✅: 2

Question: The number of hydrogen bonds formed between C and G

Ans✅ ✅: 3

Question: The cellular process of synthesis of RNA from DNA template
is called

Ans✅ ✅: Transcription

Question: ....are cells which are composed of multiple specialized
membrane-bound
compartments.

Ans✅ ✅: Eukaryotic cells

Question: Broad class of biological macromolecules that are
hydrophobic and function as membrane
barrier, signaling molecules, and fuel storage, among others

Ans✅ ✅: lipids

Question: Cellular organelle where glycosylation occurs.

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Ans✅ ✅: Golgi apparatus

Question: Organelle that can be 'rough' or 'smooth' and is responsible
for protein processing and
xenobiotic metabolism

Ans✅ ✅: endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question: Organelle filled with proteases and other digestive enzymes

Ans✅ ✅: lysosome

Question: What are the four key classes of biomolecules?

Ans✅ ✅: proteins, nucleic acids (DNA/RNA), carbohydrates, and lipids

Question: How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?

Ans✅ ✅: eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do
not

Question: Draw a diagram for the central dogma of biology

Ans✅ ✅:

Question: What two classes of biomolecules are capable of catalysis?

Ans✅ ✅: proteins and RNA

Question: Which biomolecules are chiefly responsible for catalysis of
cellular processes?

Ans✅ ✅: proteins

Question: DNA and RNA are composed of what basic biochemical
compounds?

Ans✅ ✅: nucleotides

Question: ...weak interaction between water molecules.

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Ans✅ ✅: hydrogen bonding

Question: Which type of amino acids are responsible for increasing
entropy as a protein folds.

Ans✅ ✅: hydrophobic/nonpolar amino acids

Question: Using Coulomb's law, describe how water is an ideal solvent
for the ions found in cells?

Ans✅ ✅: Water has a high D, dielectric constant, which makes F lower. F is the force
needed to dissolve ions with charges q1 and q2

Question: What is the significance of hydrogen bonding in biochemical
structures such as DNA?

Ans✅ ✅: The weak nature of H bonds (compared to covalent bonds) allow the two
DNA strands to be 'unzipped' during replication, and to reform again, with less energy

Question: What is an electrostatic interaction? Give an example.

Ans✅ ✅: Electrostatic or ionic interactions are between charged groups, or between
ions

Like the R groups of Arg and Lys. Or the amino group (-NH3

+) and the carboxyl group (-COO-)

Question: Give another name for van der Waals interactions.

Ans✅ ✅: hydrophobic/nonpolar interactions

Question: If most proteins are found surrounded by water in the cell,
what type of functional groups would you expect to
find on the surface of a water soluble protein?

Ans✅ ✅: polar/ionic amino acids

Question: What is the second law of thermodynamics and why does
protein folding (which increases order in the
protein) occur spontaneously?

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Ans✅ ✅: Entropy of the universe increases for a spontaneous reaction. Entropy of
water used to solvate the nonpolar groups increase in entropy during protein folding.

Question: How do hydrophobic interactions aid in protein folding?

Ans✅ ✅: Hydrophobic interactions exclude water (which increases in entropy).
Hydrophobic groups come together to form a hydrophobic core (for example, of
proteins).

Question: Write out the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. What is the
pH of a solution where the concentration of conjugate base is equal to the
concentration of the acid?

Ans✅ ✅: pH = pKa + log ([A-]/[HA])

pH = pKa when [A-] = [HA]

Question: Arrange the following in order of strength, from top (#1) to
bottom: hydrogen bonding, electrostatic
interactions, covalent bonding, hydrophobic interaction, ionic interaction.

Ans✅ ✅: covalent bonding

electrostatic/ionic interactions

hydrogen bonding

hydrophobic interactions

Question: Chiral type of amino acids found in proteins

Ans✅ ✅: L-amino acids

Question: Another name for molecules with both (+) and (-) charges.

Ans✅ ✅: Zwitter ions

Question: Disulfide bonds are formed by pairs of which amino acid?

Ans✅ ✅: cysteine