Developing countries are deeply integrated into the global economy through trade,
foreign direct investment, and multilateral institutions. Over the past decade,
globalisation has created new economic opportunities, including export growth and
digital innovation. However, it has also increased vulnerability to external shocks.
Write an essay in which you:
1. Define globalisation and localisation in the context of development policy.
2. Identify and briefly explain two opportunities and two constraints that globalisation
creates for developing
countries.
3. Explain how Covid-19 exposed vulnerabilities in the global economic system. 4.
Explain how principles of good governance influence policy formulation and
implementation
, Globalisation, Localisation, and Development Policy: Lessons from COVID-19
Developing countries are deeply connected to the global economy. They trade with
other nations, receive foreign investment, and participate in international organisations.
Over the past ten years, globalisation has brought new opportunities like export growth
and digital technology. However, it has also made countries more vulnerable to shocks
from outside. The COVID-19 pandemic showed this clearly. When the virus spread,
global supply chains broke down, tourism stopped, and money stopped flowing into
developing countries. At the same time, local communities and governments found
ways to respond. Civil society groups helped feed people and held governments
accountable. Debates grew about whether leaders were doing enough, whether
corruption made things worse, and whether lockdown rules violated human rights. Now
governments want to find a new balance between being part of the global economy and
building strength at home.
Globalisation and localisation can be understood as interconnected processes shaping
modern societies. Globalisation creates both opportunities and constraints for countries,
while the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in global systems.
Strong governance plays a crucial role during crises, and examples from developing
countries highlight how effective leadership and policy responses can strengthen
resilience and support sustainable development.
1
foreign direct investment, and multilateral institutions. Over the past decade,
globalisation has created new economic opportunities, including export growth and
digital innovation. However, it has also increased vulnerability to external shocks.
Write an essay in which you:
1. Define globalisation and localisation in the context of development policy.
2. Identify and briefly explain two opportunities and two constraints that globalisation
creates for developing
countries.
3. Explain how Covid-19 exposed vulnerabilities in the global economic system. 4.
Explain how principles of good governance influence policy formulation and
implementation
, Globalisation, Localisation, and Development Policy: Lessons from COVID-19
Developing countries are deeply connected to the global economy. They trade with
other nations, receive foreign investment, and participate in international organisations.
Over the past ten years, globalisation has brought new opportunities like export growth
and digital technology. However, it has also made countries more vulnerable to shocks
from outside. The COVID-19 pandemic showed this clearly. When the virus spread,
global supply chains broke down, tourism stopped, and money stopped flowing into
developing countries. At the same time, local communities and governments found
ways to respond. Civil society groups helped feed people and held governments
accountable. Debates grew about whether leaders were doing enough, whether
corruption made things worse, and whether lockdown rules violated human rights. Now
governments want to find a new balance between being part of the global economy and
building strength at home.
Globalisation and localisation can be understood as interconnected processes shaping
modern societies. Globalisation creates both opportunities and constraints for countries,
while the COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in global systems.
Strong governance plays a crucial role during crises, and examples from developing
countries highlight how effective leadership and policy responses can strengthen
resilience and support sustainable development.
1
