BSC 546 Final Exam Review Material STUDY THIS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bq1olt
1. Describe antigenic shift and antigenic drift and which causes isolated epi-
demics vs pandemics.: Antigenic Drift - repeated minor antigenic changes' retains some resemblance to
prevailing strains (Types A and B); able to cause isolated epidemics.1
Antigenic Shift - major change in one or both surface antigens; no serologic relationship with prevailing strain (only
Type A) ; able to cause pandemics.
2. Segmented genome of influenza: 1. Genome is segmented - Genetic reassortment can occur when
a host cell is infected simultaneously with viruses of two different parent strains
2. This mechanism probably accounts for generation of pandemic strain of Influenza A, periodically
3. Polio: A highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus.
Treated by salk and sabine vaccines, attacks motor neuron and cranial nerves in spinal and bulbar polio respectively.
4. RSV: An important cause of otitis media (ear infection) in young children, is prevented with palivizumab monoclona
antibody given to at-risk populations.
5. Bordatella pertussis: Pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis, produces a toxin that increases synthesis of
insulin, causing a hypoglycemic state in the human host. Starts as upper respiratory infection, low grade fever, with
coughing attacks and whooping inspiration, hence the name whooping cough.
6. Measles: Virus that causes Koplik spots. Causes a rash that begins on the head and then spreads down the body
and limbs, including the palms and soles of the the feet
7. Parvovirus B19: Virus that causes erythema in infection as well as arthralgia (mostly in women), invades
erythrocytes (red blood cells) and causes their lysis, possibly resulting in a self-resolving anemia. - fifth disease
8. Varicella-Zoster: Chicken pox and Shingles
Establishes latency in the spinal cord during childhood, and re-emerges as shingles. The specific dorsal ganglion that
the varicella zoster settles in determines where on the body the rash will emerge, hence the dermatomal rash. has
vaccines high dose zostavax and low dose varivax
9. Candida albicans: Can cause vaginitis, oral thrush, diaper rash in immunocompetent individuals and
esophagitis in immunosuppresed individuals, ex AIDS pts
10. Aspergillus fumigatus: Results in airway inflammation and bronchospasms, and ABPA. Also grows in
lung holes as aspergilliomas, and can cause liver cancer.
11. Cryptococcus neoformans: Fluconazole (in AIDS patients) - opportunistic fungal disease
1/6
, BSC 546 Final Exam Review Material STUDY THIS
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12. Sporothrix: Soil/plant dwelling fungus, (then can turn into a yeast). Causes subcutaneous fungal infection.
Sporotrichosis from rose thorns, becomes necrotic and ulcerates.
13. Mycobacterium TB: Characterized as necrosis at infection site tested for with PPD skin test, comes back
false positive with BCG (TB-vaccine)
Potts disease and Scrofula complications usually asymptomatic
14. Yersinia pestis: Bubonic Plague - caused by bacteria carried by fleas
15. Ebola: A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body
organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death - hemmoragic fever
16. Vibrio cholera: An acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139.
17. Influenza: Belong to the genus Orthomyxovirus, Segmented genome, Epidemic with mortality has occurred
most of the last 100 years
18. Marburg virus: Is a highly virulent disease that causes haemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio of up to 88%.
Same family as Ebola.
19. Influenza types and relationship to pandemic.: Types A and B can undergo genetic variation,
which is the basis for new strains. Type C is antigenically stable and hosts can develop immunity.
20. Steps of initiation of an infection by a virus ( 3 steps) (be able to explain): 1.
Attachment - The first step of initiation of an infection by a virus. specific binding of a virion protein to the receptor of
a host cell
2. Penetration - The second step of initiation of an infection by a virus. NGR-dependent step. occurs via translocation,
endocytosis, or fusion
3. Uncoating - The third step of initiation of an infection by a virus, viral genome exposed for translation/transcription;
replication
21. Tenia Curis: fungal infection of the groin - jock itch
22. Tenia Pedis: athlete's foot
23. Tenia Unguium: nail fungus
24. Tenia Capitas: Scalp
25. Tenia Corpus: ringworm
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bq1olt
1. Describe antigenic shift and antigenic drift and which causes isolated epi-
demics vs pandemics.: Antigenic Drift - repeated minor antigenic changes' retains some resemblance to
prevailing strains (Types A and B); able to cause isolated epidemics.1
Antigenic Shift - major change in one or both surface antigens; no serologic relationship with prevailing strain (only
Type A) ; able to cause pandemics.
2. Segmented genome of influenza: 1. Genome is segmented - Genetic reassortment can occur when
a host cell is infected simultaneously with viruses of two different parent strains
2. This mechanism probably accounts for generation of pandemic strain of Influenza A, periodically
3. Polio: A highly contagious infectious disease of the spinal cord caused by a filterable virus.
Treated by salk and sabine vaccines, attacks motor neuron and cranial nerves in spinal and bulbar polio respectively.
4. RSV: An important cause of otitis media (ear infection) in young children, is prevented with palivizumab monoclona
antibody given to at-risk populations.
5. Bordatella pertussis: Pertussis (whooping cough). Pertussis, produces a toxin that increases synthesis of
insulin, causing a hypoglycemic state in the human host. Starts as upper respiratory infection, low grade fever, with
coughing attacks and whooping inspiration, hence the name whooping cough.
6. Measles: Virus that causes Koplik spots. Causes a rash that begins on the head and then spreads down the body
and limbs, including the palms and soles of the the feet
7. Parvovirus B19: Virus that causes erythema in infection as well as arthralgia (mostly in women), invades
erythrocytes (red blood cells) and causes their lysis, possibly resulting in a self-resolving anemia. - fifth disease
8. Varicella-Zoster: Chicken pox and Shingles
Establishes latency in the spinal cord during childhood, and re-emerges as shingles. The specific dorsal ganglion that
the varicella zoster settles in determines where on the body the rash will emerge, hence the dermatomal rash. has
vaccines high dose zostavax and low dose varivax
9. Candida albicans: Can cause vaginitis, oral thrush, diaper rash in immunocompetent individuals and
esophagitis in immunosuppresed individuals, ex AIDS pts
10. Aspergillus fumigatus: Results in airway inflammation and bronchospasms, and ABPA. Also grows in
lung holes as aspergilliomas, and can cause liver cancer.
11. Cryptococcus neoformans: Fluconazole (in AIDS patients) - opportunistic fungal disease
1/6
, BSC 546 Final Exam Review Material STUDY THIS
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_bq1olt
12. Sporothrix: Soil/plant dwelling fungus, (then can turn into a yeast). Causes subcutaneous fungal infection.
Sporotrichosis from rose thorns, becomes necrotic and ulcerates.
13. Mycobacterium TB: Characterized as necrosis at infection site tested for with PPD skin test, comes back
false positive with BCG (TB-vaccine)
Potts disease and Scrofula complications usually asymptomatic
14. Yersinia pestis: Bubonic Plague - caused by bacteria carried by fleas
15. Ebola: A contagious viral disease originating in Africa. It is transmitted by blood and body fluids and causes body
organs and vessels to leak blood, usually resulting in death - hemmoragic fever
16. Vibrio cholera: An acute, diarrheal illness caused by infection of the intestine with the toxigenic bacterium
Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 or O139.
17. Influenza: Belong to the genus Orthomyxovirus, Segmented genome, Epidemic with mortality has occurred
most of the last 100 years
18. Marburg virus: Is a highly virulent disease that causes haemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio of up to 88%.
Same family as Ebola.
19. Influenza types and relationship to pandemic.: Types A and B can undergo genetic variation,
which is the basis for new strains. Type C is antigenically stable and hosts can develop immunity.
20. Steps of initiation of an infection by a virus ( 3 steps) (be able to explain): 1.
Attachment - The first step of initiation of an infection by a virus. specific binding of a virion protein to the receptor of
a host cell
2. Penetration - The second step of initiation of an infection by a virus. NGR-dependent step. occurs via translocation,
endocytosis, or fusion
3. Uncoating - The third step of initiation of an infection by a virus, viral genome exposed for translation/transcription;
replication
21. Tenia Curis: fungal infection of the groin - jock itch
22. Tenia Pedis: athlete's foot
23. Tenia Unguium: nail fungus
24. Tenia Capitas: Scalp
25. Tenia Corpus: ringworm
2/6
