McCance & Huether’s Pathophysiology
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
Item 1
Chapter 1, Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
A microbiology student is reviewing the structural differences
between two single-celled organisms: one a bacterium and the
other a protozoan. Which cellular component would the
student correctly identify as being present in the protozoan but
absent in the bacterium?
A. Cell wall
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nuclear envelope
D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C. Nuclear envelope
Rationales:
Correct (C): The nuclear envelope is a defining feature of
eukaryotic cells (like protozoa), which houses the DNA within a
true nucleus. Prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) lack a nuclear
envelope and other membrane-bound organelles.
,Incorrect (A): Many bacteria possess a cell wall (e.g.,
peptidoglycan), but not all eukaryotic cells do (e.g., animal
cells/protozoa may not have a rigid cell wall).
Incorrect (B): Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a
plasma membrane that acts as a selective barrier.
Incorrect (D): Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis and
are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, though they
differ in size.
Teaching Point: The presence of a membrane-bound nucleus is
the key distinction between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Item 2
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder exhibits profound issues with
movement, nutrient absorption, and nerve signal conduction.
The nurse understands that these diverse symptoms are most
directly linked to a primary defect in which fundamental cellular
function?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Communication
C. Secretion
D. Respiration
Correct Answer: B. Communication
Rationales:
,Correct (B): Cellular communication is paramount, as it
coordinates all other functions. Movement (e.g., muscle
contraction), absorption, and conduction are all processes that
require cells to receive, interpret, and respond to signals.
Incorrect (A): While absorption is mentioned, it does not
explain the issues with movement and conduction.
Incorrect (C): Secretion is a specific output function but is not
the primary coordinator of the other listed processes.
Incorrect (D): Respiration (energy production) is crucial for
providing energy for these functions but does not directly
control their coordination.
Teaching Point: Cellular communication is the integrative
function coordinating movement, absorption, and conduction.
Item 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
During a lecture on cell structures, a professor describes an
organelle composed of a network of membranous tubules that
is the primary site of protein synthesis and folding for secretion
or insertion into membranes. Which organelle is being
described?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
, C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationales:
Correct (B): The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded
with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis. The
RER provides a pathway for the transport and initial folding of
these proteins, particularly those destined for secretion or
membranes.
Incorrect (A): The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the RER into vesicles for delivery, but it is not the
primary site of synthesis.
Incorrect (C): The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is
involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage; it
lacks ribosomes and is not a primary site for protein synthesis.
Incorrect (D): Lysosomes are organelles containing digestive
enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and pathogens; they
are not involved in protein synthesis.
Teaching Point: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the factory
for synthesizing and initially processing secretory and
membrane-bound proteins.
Item 4
Chapter 1, Section: Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children
9th Edition
• Author(s)Julia Rogers
TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
Item 1
Chapter 1, Section: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
A microbiology student is reviewing the structural differences
between two single-celled organisms: one a bacterium and the
other a protozoan. Which cellular component would the
student correctly identify as being present in the protozoan but
absent in the bacterium?
A. Cell wall
B. Plasma membrane
C. Nuclear envelope
D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C. Nuclear envelope
Rationales:
Correct (C): The nuclear envelope is a defining feature of
eukaryotic cells (like protozoa), which houses the DNA within a
true nucleus. Prokaryotic cells (like bacteria) lack a nuclear
envelope and other membrane-bound organelles.
,Incorrect (A): Many bacteria possess a cell wall (e.g.,
peptidoglycan), but not all eukaryotic cells do (e.g., animal
cells/protozoa may not have a rigid cell wall).
Incorrect (B): Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a
plasma membrane that acts as a selective barrier.
Incorrect (D): Ribosomes are essential for protein synthesis and
are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, though they
differ in size.
Teaching Point: The presence of a membrane-bound nucleus is
the key distinction between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Item 2
Chapter 1, Section: Cellular Functions
A patient with a genetic disorder exhibits profound issues with
movement, nutrient absorption, and nerve signal conduction.
The nurse understands that these diverse symptoms are most
directly linked to a primary defect in which fundamental cellular
function?
A. Metabolic absorption
B. Communication
C. Secretion
D. Respiration
Correct Answer: B. Communication
Rationales:
,Correct (B): Cellular communication is paramount, as it
coordinates all other functions. Movement (e.g., muscle
contraction), absorption, and conduction are all processes that
require cells to receive, interpret, and respond to signals.
Incorrect (A): While absorption is mentioned, it does not
explain the issues with movement and conduction.
Incorrect (C): Secretion is a specific output function but is not
the primary coordinator of the other listed processes.
Incorrect (D): Respiration (energy production) is crucial for
providing energy for these functions but does not directly
control their coordination.
Teaching Point: Cellular communication is the integrative
function coordinating movement, absorption, and conduction.
Item 3
Chapter 1, Section: Structure and Function of Cellular
Components
During a lecture on cell structures, a professor describes an
organelle composed of a network of membranous tubules that
is the primary site of protein synthesis and folding for secretion
or insertion into membranes. Which organelle is being
described?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
, C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rationales:
Correct (B): The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded
with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis. The
RER provides a pathway for the transport and initial folding of
these proteins, particularly those destined for secretion or
membranes.
Incorrect (A): The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the RER into vesicles for delivery, but it is not the
primary site of synthesis.
Incorrect (C): The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is
involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage; it
lacks ribosomes and is not a primary site for protein synthesis.
Incorrect (D): Lysosomes are organelles containing digestive
enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and pathogens; they
are not involved in protein synthesis.
Teaching Point: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is the factory
for synthesizing and initially processing secretory and
membrane-bound proteins.
Item 4
Chapter 1, Section: Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
