FOUNDATIONS AND ADULT HEALTH
NURSING
9TH EDITION
• Author(S)Kim Cooper; Kelly Gosnell
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — History of Nursing and
Nursing Education
Question Stem
A practical nurse in a long-term care facility is preparing a short
presentation about how nursing education has changed. Which
historical change best explains the current emphasis on
evidence-based practice in nursing education?
A. Nursing education moved from hospital-based
apprenticeship models to formalized academic programs.
B. Nursing schools increased the number of clinical hours
students must complete.
,C. The development of standardized uniforms for nurses
improved public trust.
D. Nursing education prioritized bedside skills over
documentation skills.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
• A (Correct): Transitioning from apprenticeship to formal
academic programs introduced scientific curricula and
research methods, laying the foundation for evidence-
based practice.
• B: More clinical hours support skill development, but do
not by themselves produce the research focus that drives
evidence-based practice.
• C: Uniforms may affect professional image but are
unrelated to curricular emphasis on evidence and
research.
• D: Historically there was emphasis on bedside skills, but
the modern shift is toward integrating clinical skills with
research and critical thinking.
Teaching Point
Formal academic programs introduced research and critical
thinking into nursing practice.
,Citation
Cooper, K., & Gosnell, K. (2023). Foundations and Adult Health
Nursing (9th ed.). Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing.
2
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — Care of the Sick During
Early Civilization
Question Stem
A student asks why early civilizations often linked illness to
supernatural causes. Which explanation best reflects how that
belief shaped early nursing roles?
A. Care focused on ritual and supportive presence rather than
physiologic interventions.
B. Early caregivers emphasized sterile technique and germ
control.
C. Surgical interventions were the first line of treatment in all
cultures.
D. Nursing became a regulated, licensure-based profession.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
• A (Correct): When illness was seen as supernatural, care
centered on rituals, comfort, and spiritual support rather
than biomedical interventions.
, • B: Sterile technique arose much later with germ theory; it
was not characteristic of early civilizations.
• C: Advanced surgical procedures were rare historically and
not consistently used as first-line treatments.
• D: Regulation and licensure developed centuries later;
early care was informal and community-based.
Teaching Point
Early care emphasized ritual and comfort when illness was seen
as supernatural.
Citation
Cooper, K., & Gosnell, K. (2023). Foundations and Adult Health
Nursing (9th ed.). Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing.
3
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — Changes in Nursing During
the 20th Century
Question Stem
A nurse educator highlights major 20th-century changes. Which
development had the greatest effect on expanding nursing roles
into leadership and specialized care?
A. Advancement of nursing research and graduate education
programs.
B. Widespread use of paper charts for documentation.
NURSING
9TH EDITION
• Author(S)Kim Cooper; Kelly Gosnell
TEST BANK
1
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — History of Nursing and
Nursing Education
Question Stem
A practical nurse in a long-term care facility is preparing a short
presentation about how nursing education has changed. Which
historical change best explains the current emphasis on
evidence-based practice in nursing education?
A. Nursing education moved from hospital-based
apprenticeship models to formalized academic programs.
B. Nursing schools increased the number of clinical hours
students must complete.
,C. The development of standardized uniforms for nurses
improved public trust.
D. Nursing education prioritized bedside skills over
documentation skills.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
• A (Correct): Transitioning from apprenticeship to formal
academic programs introduced scientific curricula and
research methods, laying the foundation for evidence-
based practice.
• B: More clinical hours support skill development, but do
not by themselves produce the research focus that drives
evidence-based practice.
• C: Uniforms may affect professional image but are
unrelated to curricular emphasis on evidence and
research.
• D: Historically there was emphasis on bedside skills, but
the modern shift is toward integrating clinical skills with
research and critical thinking.
Teaching Point
Formal academic programs introduced research and critical
thinking into nursing practice.
,Citation
Cooper, K., & Gosnell, K. (2023). Foundations and Adult Health
Nursing (9th ed.). Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing.
2
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — Care of the Sick During
Early Civilization
Question Stem
A student asks why early civilizations often linked illness to
supernatural causes. Which explanation best reflects how that
belief shaped early nursing roles?
A. Care focused on ritual and supportive presence rather than
physiologic interventions.
B. Early caregivers emphasized sterile technique and germ
control.
C. Surgical interventions were the first line of treatment in all
cultures.
D. Nursing became a regulated, licensure-based profession.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales
• A (Correct): When illness was seen as supernatural, care
centered on rituals, comfort, and spiritual support rather
than biomedical interventions.
, • B: Sterile technique arose much later with germ theory; it
was not characteristic of early civilizations.
• C: Advanced surgical procedures were rare historically and
not consistently used as first-line treatments.
• D: Regulation and licensure developed centuries later;
early care was informal and community-based.
Teaching Point
Early care emphasized ritual and comfort when illness was seen
as supernatural.
Citation
Cooper, K., & Gosnell, K. (2023). Foundations and Adult Health
Nursing (9th ed.). Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing.
3
Reference
Unit I — The Evolution of Nursing — Changes in Nursing During
the 20th Century
Question Stem
A nurse educator highlights major 20th-century changes. Which
development had the greatest effect on expanding nursing roles
into leadership and specialized care?
A. Advancement of nursing research and graduate education
programs.
B. Widespread use of paper charts for documentation.
