EECS 1520 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update

EECS 1520 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update Amplitude - Answers Related to intensity Frequency - Answers Related to pitch Nyquist Shannon sample interval and sampling frequency - Answers Sample interval ≤ half period Sampling ≥ 2x max frequency Bit depth formula - Answers Bit depth= bit rate/ sampling frequency Bit rate formula - Answers Bit rate = sampling frequency x bit depth x # of channels Human Hearing Range - Answers 16 Hz- 20 kHz What does lossy audio do? - Answers 1. Removes imperceptible sounds using psychoacoustic models 2. Reduces bit rate (less accurate reproduction of original) Audio codecs - Answers Lossless: FLAC Lossy: MP3 and AAC Vector graphics advantage and disadvantage - Answers Advantage: Can be enlarged without loss of detail or change in file size. NO PIXELATION Disadvantage: Cant get very complex Raster Graphics advantage and disadvantage - Answers Advantage: Can create complex images Disadvantage: Suffers for pixelation when enlarged Image Formats - Answers Lossless: GIF and PNG Lossy: JPEG Video Compression Techniques - Answers Spatial: Intra- frame (uses info from same frame to reduce file size) Temporal: Inter-frame (uses data from nearby frames to reduce file size) - Key frames ( I-frames) - P frames (Predictive) - B frames (Bidirectional) CBR be VBR - Answers Constant bitrate: same but rate throughout video Variable bit rate: Allows higher but rates during fast motion scenes and lower bit rates when there is little motion Video Codecs - Answers Lossless: HuffYUV Lossy: MPEG-2, H.264, H.265 (HEVC) File containers - Answers .avi .mp4 .mkv Two main roles of transistors - Answers 1. Amplifier 2. Binary switch NOT gate - Answers A logic gate that takes in 1 input & outputs the opposite Boolean Expression: X= A' Logic Diagram: Triangle with circle in front (complement) AND gate - Answers Accepts two or more input. If both input are 1, output is 1; otherwise 0. Boolean Expression: X= AB Logic Diagram: straight line input, rounded curved output NAND gate - Answers If both input are 1, output is 0; otherwise output is 1. Boolean Expression: (AB)' Logic Diagram: straight line input, curved output with circle (complement) OR gate - Answers If both input are 0, output is 0; otherwise the output is 1. Boolean Expression: X= A+B Logic diagram: concave input NOR gate - Answers If both input are 0, output is 1; otherwise output is 0. Boolean Expression: X= (A+B)' Logic Diagram: concave input, circle after output (complement) XOR gate (exclusive or) - Answers Accepts only two input signals. If both are same, output is 0; otherwise it is 1. Boolean Expression: X= A⊕B Logic Diagram: Concave input with line in front of input Components of CPU - Answers Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), Registers: Instruction Register (IR) and Program Counter (PC) Control Unit (CU) - Answers The part of the CPU that controls the flow of data and activates appropriate components Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) - Answers Performs arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation operations