EECS 1520 - Terminology Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version

EECS 1520 - Terminology Exam Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version What 4 Intervals Make Up the History of Computing? Provides titles and years in intervals. - Answers Ancient History (Past-1930) Electronics () Mainframes () Personal (1970-Present) The abacus was developed in __ over __ years ago - Answers Babylonia 5000 What does an abacus aid with? - Answers Numeric computation What was the earliest computing device? - Answers Abacus What is an algorithm? - Answers A finite set of unambiguous instructions to complete a specific task What were the two kinds of early calculating machines? - Answers Manual and mechanical Provide an example of a manual calculating machine - Answers Slide rule: a hand operated calculator composing of slidable rulers Provide an example of a mechanical calculating machine - Answers A mechanical calculator Looks like a typewriter Has a crank you turn to make calculations What is the significance of the Jacquard loom? - Answers The first programmed loom using punch cards to create intricate designs What industry was the Jacquard loom used for? - Answers Textiles What did Jacquard looms use? What for? - Answers Punch cards To weave intricate designs into textiles What are punch cards? - Answers Stiff paper with punched holes in pre designed positions which enters data into a computing machine What were George Boole's two contributions to computing? - Answers Boolean algebra Laid foundations for digital computer circuitry What were Claude Shannon's two contributions to computing? - Answers Applying Boolean algebra to create digital computing machines Developed principles for encoding data for reliable transmission What idea did Von Neumann propose? - Answers Computing machines that had a CPU and memory, allowing them to store data and do various tasks without having to be re-wired each time What kind of computers were made with Von Neumann architecture? - Answers Computers that had CPU and memory, allowing them to store data and do various tasks without being re-wired What were Alan Turing's three contributions to computing? - Answers Helped crack the German Enigma machine Developing the Turing Machine, a machine model to define computability Developed a model to test AI (Turing Test) What does ENIAC stand for? What is it's significance? - Answers Electronic Numeric Integrator Aid Computer First general purpose electronic digital computer What were three cons of using vacuum tubes to control flow of electronic signals? - Answers Large Generated lots of heat Prone to failure What were ENIACs used for? - Answers Commissioned by the US army to compute ballistic firing tables True or false: The enigma machine was developed using Von Neumann architecture. - Answers False Who is algorithm named for? - Answers Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī Vacuum tubes - Answers Cylindrical glass tubes that controlled the flow of electrons, used in the first generation of computers. Mainframes - Answers Large scale ultra high performance computer made for high volume processor intensive computing What development happened in the 1950s? - Answers Computers got smaller as the industry transitioned from vacuum tubes to transistors What contribution did Grace Hopper make to computing? - Answers Created the first compiler as she was tired of writing machine code by hand Compiler - Answers Turns high level source code into executable code (binary) Transistor - Answers replaced vacuum tubes the most important invention of the 20th century What were three benefits of transistors over vacuum tubes? - Answers Smaller, lighter, less prone to overheating What was the first device built using transistors? - Answers Hearing aids What was the second device built using transistors? - Answers transistor radio Integrated circuit - Answers Allowed many transistors on a small surface, allowing computers to become smaller and cheaper to build and maintain What development did integrated circuits lead to? - Answers smaller, cheaper computers What did the IBM system establish? - Answers Mainframes What did the IBM system use as input? What were these inspired by? - Answers punch cards inspired by Jacquard looms What did the Apollo space program rely on computers for? - Answers calculate trajectories and control guidance How were trajectories calculated for going to the moon? - Answers using IBM mainframes