Test Bank For Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology: Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives {Third Edition} by Theresa Capriotti,| Elaborated Answer Key| Updated 2024

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Chapter1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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MultipleChoice nn




Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which statement regarding thesodium–potassium pump is correct?
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1. Thecell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodiumions than potassium ions.
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2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
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3. The concentration of potassiumions should be higher outside the cell
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compartment. nn




4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
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potassium ions. nn




2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created in the
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nnpresence of oxygen? nn nn




1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid nn nn nn




2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle nn nn nn nn nn




3. Activationof acetyl-coenzymeA n nn n




4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid nn nn nn nn nn




3. Howmany adenosine triphosphates(ATPs)areproduced in aerobicenergy metabolism?
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1. 2 n n n n




2. 3 n n n n




3. 34 n n n n




4. 53 n n n n




4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
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1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleicacids nn




4. Deoxyribonucleicacids n




5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
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1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein. nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
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4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands. nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease? nn nn nn nn nn




1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress nn nn nn




2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) nn nn nn nn nn nn




3. During a severe hypoxic state nn nn nn nn




4. During the processing of prohormone nn nn nn nn




7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
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1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments


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3. Secretory vesicles nn




4. Endoplasmic reticula nn




8. n n n n Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
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1. Actin and myosin nn nn




2. Prohormone and tubulin nn nn




3. Tubulinand actin nn nn




4. Myosin and prohormone nn nn




9. Which deficiency causesTay–Sachs disease?
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1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes nn




n n 10. n n Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
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1. Accumulation of ganglioside nn nn




2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis nn nn nn nn




3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity nn nn nn nn




4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




n n 11. n n Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
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1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
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2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
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3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
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4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
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n n 12. Aclient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus.At a cellular level, which function is likely to be
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involved?
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1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus nn nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum nn nn nn nn nn




n n 13. Anewborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities.Which cellular component is
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examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically transferred?
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1. TransferRNA n




2. RibosomalRNA nn




3. Double helix of DNA nn nn nn




4. Mitochondrial DNA nn




n n 14. Ahiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long, steep
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climb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
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1. Cellular hypoxia nn




2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema nn




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n n 15. n n n n Which factor provides DNAthe unique molecular ability to replicate?
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1. The pairing of nitrogenous bases
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2. The presence of pyrimidine bases
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3. The presence of nucleotides
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4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond
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n n 16. n n n n How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon?
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1. n n n
2 n




2. n n n
3 n




3. n n n
4 n




4. n n n
5 n




n n 17. n n Which components form the structure of DNA? nn nn nn nn nn nn




1. Nucleotides
2. Amino acids nn




3. Fatty acids nn




4. Phosphates
n n 18. n n n n Which factor is essential in order for protein synthesis to occur?
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1. Free-standing ribosomes within the cell nn nn nn nn




2. Protein blueprint from the cell of the DNA nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




3. Specific information from the nucleus of the cell nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




4. Transfer RNAto move the protein out of the cell nn n nn nn nn nn nn nn nn




n n 19. Tetracycline antibiotic is prescribed for an adult client with chlamydia infection.Which is the
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mechanism of action of the drug?
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1. It prevents the replication of bacteria.
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2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm.
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3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes.
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4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria.
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n n 20. n n n n Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place?
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1. In the ribosomes
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2. In the Golgi apparatus
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3. In the secretory granules
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4. In the endoplasmic reticulum
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n n 21. n n Which is the cell’s “master mind”? nn nn nn nn nn




1. Nucleus
2. Ribosome
3. Golgi apparatus nn




4. Endoplasmic reticulum nn




Multiple Response nn




Identifyone or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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n n 22. n n n n Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply.
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Copyright©2020F.A.DavisCompany n n n n n n




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