BIO 210 LECTURE EXAM 2 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Integumentary system - ANSWER-consist of skin and its derivatives
The integument - ANSWER-is the skin covering the body
the integument - ANSWER-also known as the cutaneous membrane
Dermatology - ANSWER-its scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system
The integument - ANSWER-the body's largest organ
Layers of the skin - ANSWER-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer(not considered in
the integument)
Epidermis - ANSWER-stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis - ANSWER-deep layer, primarily dense irregular connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-deep to dermis, Layer of areolar and other connective
tissue, hypodermis or superficial fascia, Not part of the integument(true skin) but is still
part of integumentary system
Thick skin - ANSWER-on the palms of hands, soles of feet and surfaces of fingers and
toes, All five layers of the epidermal strata, Has sweat glands
thick skin - ANSWER-has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Dermis - ANSWER-deep to the epidermis, composed of connective tissue
Two layersof the dermis - ANSWER-papillary and reticular layer
Lines of cleavage, stretch marks, and wrinkles - ANSWER-collagen and elastic fibers
oriented in parallel bundles
Incisions parallel for surgery - ANSWER-more likely to heal quickly, scarring reduced
Incisions perpendicular to cleavage lines for surgery - ANSWER-more likely to open due
to cut elastic fibers, scarring increases
Stretch marks - ANSWER-striae
,Dermal blood vessels - ANSWER-supply nutrients to epidermis and dermis, play an
important role in body temperature and blood pressure regulation
Thin skin - ANSWER-lacks a stratum lucidum, has sweat glands, hair follicles and
sebaceous glands
Hemoglobin - ANSWER-an oxygen binding compound, Bright red color upon binding
oxygen, More visible when blood vessels dilate
Melanin - ANSWER-black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades
Melanocytes - ANSWER-pigment of melanin is produced and stored here
UV light - ANSWER-stimulating melanin production
melanin - ANSWER-darker skinned producing more and dark colored
Carotene - ANSWER-yellow, orange pigment, acquired from yellow-orange vegetables,
converted to vitamin A within the body
Nevus - ANSWER-a mole, harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells
Freckle - ANSWER-yellowish brown spots, represent localized areas of increased
melanocyte activity
Hemangioma - ANSWER-skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor
Capillary hemangiomas - ANSWER-usually present at birth and disappear in childhood,
strawberry colored birthmarks
Cavernous hemangiomas - ANSWER-may last a lifetime, port-wine stains
Friction ridges - ANSWER-complex arches and whorls on finger, palms, soles, and toes,
formed from large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis, interlocking of
epidermal ridges and dermal papilla, help increase fiction on contact, each individual
with unique pattern of these
Vasoconstriction - ANSWER-blood vessel diameters narrowed, look pale when exposed
to cold
Vasodilation - ANSWER-blood vessel diameter increased, occurs when needing to
loose heat, why people become flushed during exercise
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-not considered part of the integument, not the true skin,
the layer underneath the skin
, Functions of the subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-acts as energy reservoir, provides
thermal insulation, drugs often inject here
Epidermal derivatives - ANSWER-nails, hair, exocrine glands derived from epidermal
epithelium
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body besides - ANSWER-the hands and palmar
surface of fingers, the siders and soles of the feet and toes, the lips, portions of the
external genital
Three types of hair - ANSWER-lanugo, vellus, terminal
Lanugo hair - ANSWER-fine, un-pigmented, downy hair
Vellus hair - ANSWER-fine hair, primary human hair, found on upper and lower limbs
Terminal hair - ANSWER-coarser, pigmented, longer, on scalp, eyebrows, and
eyelashes, men's beards, during puberty replaces vellus hair in axillary and public
regions
Earwax - ANSWER-cerumen
Mammary glands - ANSWER-produce milk, apocrine glands of the breast
Epidermis functions - ANSWER-acts as a physical barrier, prevention of water loss,
Metabolic regulation of vitamin D - ANSWER-also termed cholecalciferol, transported to
kidney and converted to calcitriol
Metabolic regulation of calcitriol - ANSWER-the active form of vitamin D, increased
absorption of calcium and phosphate, important in regulating blood levels of calcium
and phosphate, synthesized in the kidneys
Functions of the hair - ANSWER-protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual
identification, chemical signal dispersal
Disperse pheromones - ANSWER-chemical signals involved in attracting sexual
partners
Hair color - ANSWER-results from synthesis of melanin in the matrix adjacent to hair,
reflects genetic, environmental and hormonal factors, becomes lighter with age as
pigment production decreases
Growth rate of hair - ANSWER-one-third mm per day in the scalp for 2 to 5 years,
enters formant phase of 3 to 4 months, eventually pushed out and replaced by new hair
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Integumentary system - ANSWER-consist of skin and its derivatives
The integument - ANSWER-is the skin covering the body
the integument - ANSWER-also known as the cutaneous membrane
Dermatology - ANSWER-its scientific study and treatment of the integumentary system
The integument - ANSWER-the body's largest organ
Layers of the skin - ANSWER-epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer(not considered in
the integument)
Epidermis - ANSWER-stratified squamous epithelium
Dermis - ANSWER-deep layer, primarily dense irregular connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-deep to dermis, Layer of areolar and other connective
tissue, hypodermis or superficial fascia, Not part of the integument(true skin) but is still
part of integumentary system
Thick skin - ANSWER-on the palms of hands, soles of feet and surfaces of fingers and
toes, All five layers of the epidermal strata, Has sweat glands
thick skin - ANSWER-has no hair follicles or sebaceous glands
Dermis - ANSWER-deep to the epidermis, composed of connective tissue
Two layersof the dermis - ANSWER-papillary and reticular layer
Lines of cleavage, stretch marks, and wrinkles - ANSWER-collagen and elastic fibers
oriented in parallel bundles
Incisions parallel for surgery - ANSWER-more likely to heal quickly, scarring reduced
Incisions perpendicular to cleavage lines for surgery - ANSWER-more likely to open due
to cut elastic fibers, scarring increases
Stretch marks - ANSWER-striae
,Dermal blood vessels - ANSWER-supply nutrients to epidermis and dermis, play an
important role in body temperature and blood pressure regulation
Thin skin - ANSWER-lacks a stratum lucidum, has sweat glands, hair follicles and
sebaceous glands
Hemoglobin - ANSWER-an oxygen binding compound, Bright red color upon binding
oxygen, More visible when blood vessels dilate
Melanin - ANSWER-black, brown, tan, yellow-brown shades
Melanocytes - ANSWER-pigment of melanin is produced and stored here
UV light - ANSWER-stimulating melanin production
melanin - ANSWER-darker skinned producing more and dark colored
Carotene - ANSWER-yellow, orange pigment, acquired from yellow-orange vegetables,
converted to vitamin A within the body
Nevus - ANSWER-a mole, harmless overgrowth of melanin forming cells
Freckle - ANSWER-yellowish brown spots, represent localized areas of increased
melanocyte activity
Hemangioma - ANSWER-skin discoloration due to benign blood vessel tumor
Capillary hemangiomas - ANSWER-usually present at birth and disappear in childhood,
strawberry colored birthmarks
Cavernous hemangiomas - ANSWER-may last a lifetime, port-wine stains
Friction ridges - ANSWER-complex arches and whorls on finger, palms, soles, and toes,
formed from large folds and valleys of the dermis and epidermis, interlocking of
epidermal ridges and dermal papilla, help increase fiction on contact, each individual
with unique pattern of these
Vasoconstriction - ANSWER-blood vessel diameters narrowed, look pale when exposed
to cold
Vasodilation - ANSWER-blood vessel diameter increased, occurs when needing to
loose heat, why people become flushed during exercise
Subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-not considered part of the integument, not the true skin,
the layer underneath the skin
, Functions of the subcutaneous layer - ANSWER-acts as energy reservoir, provides
thermal insulation, drugs often inject here
Epidermal derivatives - ANSWER-nails, hair, exocrine glands derived from epidermal
epithelium
Hair is found almost everywhere on the body besides - ANSWER-the hands and palmar
surface of fingers, the siders and soles of the feet and toes, the lips, portions of the
external genital
Three types of hair - ANSWER-lanugo, vellus, terminal
Lanugo hair - ANSWER-fine, un-pigmented, downy hair
Vellus hair - ANSWER-fine hair, primary human hair, found on upper and lower limbs
Terminal hair - ANSWER-coarser, pigmented, longer, on scalp, eyebrows, and
eyelashes, men's beards, during puberty replaces vellus hair in axillary and public
regions
Earwax - ANSWER-cerumen
Mammary glands - ANSWER-produce milk, apocrine glands of the breast
Epidermis functions - ANSWER-acts as a physical barrier, prevention of water loss,
Metabolic regulation of vitamin D - ANSWER-also termed cholecalciferol, transported to
kidney and converted to calcitriol
Metabolic regulation of calcitriol - ANSWER-the active form of vitamin D, increased
absorption of calcium and phosphate, important in regulating blood levels of calcium
and phosphate, synthesized in the kidneys
Functions of the hair - ANSWER-protection, heat retention, sensory reception, visual
identification, chemical signal dispersal
Disperse pheromones - ANSWER-chemical signals involved in attracting sexual
partners
Hair color - ANSWER-results from synthesis of melanin in the matrix adjacent to hair,
reflects genetic, environmental and hormonal factors, becomes lighter with age as
pigment production decreases
Growth rate of hair - ANSWER-one-third mm per day in the scalp for 2 to 5 years,
enters formant phase of 3 to 4 months, eventually pushed out and replaced by new hair
