MDC 3 FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉ How does breast cancer start? Answer: From the epithelial lining
of the ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
◉ 99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? Answer: women
◉ breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women?
Answer: white
◉ breast cancer in men is similar across? Answer: all ethnic groups
◉ Risk factors for breast cancer? Answer: -post menopause
(increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause
therapy) can be with progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian
cancer, or family history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2
hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
,-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance
(increased risk)
◉ Breast cancer signs and symptoms Answer: -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
◉ *Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * Answer:
*upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is
the most common location of a cancer*
,◉ Breast cancer screening & diagnostics Answer: -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast
tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
◉ Breast health large breast challenges Answer: -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
◉ Breast health small breast challenges Answer: -some choose
breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs
that increase bleeding before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may
not be as sensitive
, -*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not
breast cancer*
◉ *Breast Cancer Types* Answer: -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast
cancer remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
◉ *Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* Answer: *DCIS: ductal
carcinoma is situate*
◉ *Invasive breast cancer is* Answer: *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain,
erythema & edema
◉ *Most common invasive cancer* Answer: *IDC: infiltrating ductal
carcinoma*
2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS 100% CORRECT
◉ How does breast cancer start? Answer: From the epithelial lining
of the ducts or the epithelium of the lobules
◉ 99% of breast cancers occur in what gender? Answer: women
◉ breast cancer is slightly more common in what race of women?
Answer: white
◉ breast cancer in men is similar across? Answer: all ethnic groups
◉ Risk factors for breast cancer? Answer: -post menopause
(increasing in age after 60)
-Estrogen (HRT: hormone replacement therapy) (post menopause
therapy) can be with progesterone or alone.
- History or genetics (history of breast, colon, endometrial, &ovarian
cancer, or family history of breast cancer) (*Gene BRCA1 or BRCA2
hold a 5-10% genetic risk)
-Alcohol
-Childbirth after age 30
-Obesity
,-Smoking
-Breast cellular changes: hyperplasia, atypical appearance
(increased risk)
◉ Breast cancer signs and symptoms Answer: -lump in breast
-swelling
-skin irritation
-dimpling
-breast pain
-nipple pain
-nipple turning inward
-redness
-scaliness
-thickening of the nipple
-unusual discharge
-lump in the armpit
(more rare but can present itself as an orange peel)
◉ *Where is the most common location of breast cancer? * Answer:
*upper outer quadrant is the most glandular tissue, as a result it is
the most common location of a cancer*
,◉ Breast cancer screening & diagnostics Answer: -history
-physical assessment and examination
-mammogram (less effective in younger women due to denser breast
tissue)
-ultrasound
-MRI (gives more details than a mammogram or ultrasound)
-Biopsy
-Labs
-Pathology
◉ Breast health large breast challenges Answer: -Impaired comfort
-Back pain
-diffculty finding clothing that fits
-expensive bras
-fungal infections under breasts
-redness, chaffing or rash, under breasts.
◉ Breast health small breast challenges Answer: -some choose
breast augmentation (important to avoid foods, medications, herbs
that increase bleeding before/after surgery)
-Can still perform self examination and have mammograms- but may
not be as sensitive
, -*some evidence of increased risk for non Hodgkins lymphoma Not
breast cancer*
◉ *Breast Cancer Types* Answer: -*In situ* (non-ivasive) breast
cancer remains in the mammary
*DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situate* duct or lobules
-*ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma*
*IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma*
◉ *Non-invasive or In situ breast cancer is* Answer: *DCIS: ductal
carcinoma is situate*
◉ *Invasive breast cancer is* Answer: *ILC or IDC*
-the cancer grows into the surrounding tissue and can metastasize
-most likely cause of skin dimpling or peau'd orange
-Aggressive form : itching, rapidly growing lump, breast pain,
erythema & edema
◉ *Most common invasive cancer* Answer: *IDC: infiltrating ductal
carcinoma*
