BIOL 204 LATEST
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
glycolysis - ANSWERS-first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in
which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic
acid
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - ANSWERS-An energy
carrier that accepts electrons and feeds them into the electron transport
chain
redox reaction - ANSWERS-A chemical reaction involving the transfer
of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called
oxidation-reduction reaction.
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWERS-The production of ATP using
energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain;
the third major stage of cellular respiration.
proton-motive force - ANSWERS-The potential energy stored in the
form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of
hydrogen ions (H+) across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.
END OF
PAGE
1
, BIOL 204 LATEST
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
pyruvate oxidation - ANSWERS-2nd step in cellular respiration occurs
on the way to the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2,
1 NADH, 1 acetyl-COA (2 carbons attached to coenzyme A)
substrate level phosphorylation - ANSWERS-The formation of ATP by
directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate
substrate in catabolism.
uncoupling - ANSWERS-disconnection, separation...
antenna complex - ANSWERS-Part of a photosystem, containing an
array of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments, that receives
energy from light and directs the energy to a central reaction center
during photosynthesis.
autotroph - ANSWERS-An organism that makes its own food
bioluminescence - ANSWERS-the production of light by means of a
chemical reaction in an organism
END OF
PAGE
2
, BIOL 204 LATEST
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
C3 plants - ANSWERS-A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial
steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon
compound as the first stable intermediate.
C4 plants - ANSWERS-A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by
reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end
product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
Calvin cycle - ANSWERS-light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy
compounds such as sugar
CAM plants - ANSWERS-plants close their stomata during the day,
collect CO2 at night, and store the CO2 in the form of acids until it is
needed during the day for photosynthesis
chemiosmosis - ANSWERS-Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps
protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the
ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP.
END OF
PAGE
3
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
glycolysis - ANSWERS-first step in releasing the energy of glucose, in
which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic
acid
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) - ANSWERS-An energy
carrier that accepts electrons and feeds them into the electron transport
chain
redox reaction - ANSWERS-A chemical reaction involving the transfer
of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called
oxidation-reduction reaction.
oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWERS-The production of ATP using
energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain;
the third major stage of cellular respiration.
proton-motive force - ANSWERS-The potential energy stored in the
form of a proton electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of
hydrogen ions (H+) across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.
END OF
PAGE
1
, BIOL 204 LATEST
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
pyruvate oxidation - ANSWERS-2nd step in cellular respiration occurs
on the way to the mitochondrial matrix. Pyruvate is oxidized into 1 CO2,
1 NADH, 1 acetyl-COA (2 carbons attached to coenzyme A)
substrate level phosphorylation - ANSWERS-The formation of ATP by
directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate
substrate in catabolism.
uncoupling - ANSWERS-disconnection, separation...
antenna complex - ANSWERS-Part of a photosystem, containing an
array of chlorophyll molecules and accessory pigments, that receives
energy from light and directs the energy to a central reaction center
during photosynthesis.
autotroph - ANSWERS-An organism that makes its own food
bioluminescence - ANSWERS-the production of light by means of a
chemical reaction in an organism
END OF
PAGE
2
, BIOL 204 LATEST
ATHABASCA U-
MIDTERM EXAM
C3 plants - ANSWERS-A plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial
steps that incorporate CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon
compound as the first stable intermediate.
C4 plants - ANSWERS-A plant in which the Calvin cycle is preceded by
reactions that incorporate CO2 into a four-carbon compound, the end
product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin cycle.
Calvin cycle - ANSWERS-light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy
compounds such as sugar
CAM plants - ANSWERS-plants close their stomata during the day,
collect CO2 at night, and store the CO2 in the form of acids until it is
needed during the day for photosynthesis
chemiosmosis - ANSWERS-Process by which a Hydrogen pump pumps
protons into the thylakoid membrane. H+ passively flows through the
ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP.
END OF
PAGE
3
