WGU D023 School Financial Leadership || 100% Verified Solutions.
1st Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of local district financial
responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of emerging state
responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations
to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The emergence of the Strayer-Haig
concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest district of
the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no state
funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of refinement of the
foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs)
equalization practices
-20th century
,Equalization correct answers state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership in
establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the state
—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan correct answers the percentage of this program to
be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high
for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each
district, the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school
program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The shift of emphasis and influence,
and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers A focus on adequacy in education
finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding correct answers The state provides a minimal level of funding as a
guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity of
wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era correct answers Local school districts were formed to support the education
of the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order to
accommodate this influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local property
taxes became mandated to support public schools.
, Early Colonial Schooling correct answers Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a
funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? correct answers State
Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's constitution.
Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state defines its
language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more
flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? correct answers The pupil expenditure is the total expense
accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses),
transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction,
maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the
location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per
pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity correct answers
Financial adequacy correct answers
Financial productivity correct answers
Federal Funding correct answers Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of categorical
aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest and most visible
categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has
garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided
funds for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
1st Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of local district financial
responsibility, with little or no assistance from the state
-used to be local or church
-rate bills or tuition
-problem in equity
2nd Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of emerging state
responsibility, with the use of flat grants, subventions, and other nonequalizing state allocations
to local districts
-state to supplement local tax revenues to provide acceptable programs
3rd Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The emergence of the Strayer-Haig
concept of a foundation program (minimum program)
-Each local district would levy the amount of local tax that was required in the richest district of
the state to provide a foundation, or minimum, program. The rich district would receive no state
funds; the other districts would receive state funds necessary to provide the foundation program.
4th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The period of refinement of the
foundation program concept
-use of flat grants
-question to take money from wealthy districts to equalize
5th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers "Power" or "open-end" (shared costs)
equalization practices
-20th century
,Equalization correct answers state and local districts began exercising a degree of partnership in
establishing and paying for a basic program of education for every school-age child in the state
—at least in theory. In practice, the link between funding and program quality was questionable.
open-ended, or shared-cost, equalization plan correct answers the percentage of this program to
be paid by each individual district and by the state. This percentage of state funds would be high
for poor districts and low for wealthier ones. Once that determination has been made for each
district, the same partnership ratio would be maintained to pay the total cost of the school
program in each district
-Harlan Updegraff
6th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers The shift of emphasis and influence,
and funding for special need
-economic factors influenced (wars, terrorist attacks, natural disasters, fluctuating prices in
energy, had to rethink budget and safety of schools
7th Development Stage of School Finance correct answers A focus on adequacy in education
finance
-court cases
-sufficient funding is needed to meet state laws, standards, and requirements, and must be
constitutionally enforceable
-CCSS
Foundational funding correct answers The state provides a minimal level of funding as a
guarantee per student expenditure. The intent of this system is to counteract the disparity of
wealth across various districts of a state.
Common School Era correct answers Local school districts were formed to support the education
of the local population, many of whom were the children of immigrants. In order to
accommodate this influx of educational need with limited personal resources, local property
taxes became mandated to support public schools.
, Early Colonial Schooling correct answers Funded through tuition or rate changes, primarily as a
funding of the local community or church of that community.
Funding for public schools is directly addressed in which document? correct answers State
Constitution
-The funding and operation of public schools is directly addressed in each state's constitution.
Access to education and the quality are different depending upon how the state defines its
language. For example, a "right" to education is different than a "goal" to educate all citizens. A
"right" provides grounds for equity and equality litigation while a "goal" may provide more
flexibility in disparity.
What is meant by pupil expenditure? correct answers The pupil expenditure is the total expense
accounted for by that specific student. For example, this funding amount includes but is not
limited to: personnel expenses (salary, benefits, and other human resource expenses),
transportation costs (gas, busses, oil, personnel), facility expenses (building construction,
maintenance, utilities, insurance), and instructional resources (books, supplies, technology,
materials). The amount of this pupil expenditure will vary as the cost of living changes for the
location, but in many states the "foundational per pupil expenditure" is a guaranteed amount per
pupil. In instances where the local funding is insufficient, it is supplemented by the state.
Financial disparity correct answers
Financial adequacy correct answers
Financial productivity correct answers
Federal Funding correct answers Federal aid continues to be provided in the form of categorical
aid. Yet, it may be time for a larger federal role in financing schools. The largest and most visible
categorical federal assistance programs are ESEA and IDEA. Also, Raced to the Top has
garnered federal aid as a key initiative in the Obama administration. Federal lands have provided
funds for localities in the form of payments in lieu of taxes.
