Physiology Final Possible FRQ with
100% complete solutions
What are the products of glycolysis? - ANS ✔2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Where does glycolysis occur? - ANS ✔cytoplasm
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? - ANS ✔8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur? - ANS ✔mitochondria
Which ions are high and low in the ECF? - ANS ✔high in sodium low in potassium
Which ions are high and low in the ICF? - ANS ✔high in potassium low in sodium
Characteristics of channel proteins - ANS ✔- faster
- take smaller molecules
Characteristics of carrier proteins - ANS ✔- slower
- take larger molecules
Neural control
- specificity
- nature of signal
- speed
, - duration
- stimulus intensity - ANS ✔- specificity: single target
- nature of signal: cell to cell
- speed: very rapid
- duration: short
- stimulus intensity: each signal is identical in strength
Endocrine control
- specificity
- nature of signal
- speed
- duration
- stimulus intensity - ANS ✔- specificity: depends on which cells have receptors for a hormone
- nature of signal: chemical signals secreted in the blood for distribution throughout the body
- speed: slow
- duration: long
- stimulus intensity: depends on the amount of hormones secreted
What is cascade? - ANS ✔a signal will activate a substrate and that activated substrate will
activate another substrate
What is amplification? - ANS ✔one ligand is amplified into many intracellular molecules
Why is calcium an important ion? - ANS ✔- important intracellular signal
- enters through gated channels
- creates a calcium spark
100% complete solutions
What are the products of glycolysis? - ANS ✔2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH
Where does glycolysis occur? - ANS ✔cytoplasm
What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? - ANS ✔8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur? - ANS ✔mitochondria
Which ions are high and low in the ECF? - ANS ✔high in sodium low in potassium
Which ions are high and low in the ICF? - ANS ✔high in potassium low in sodium
Characteristics of channel proteins - ANS ✔- faster
- take smaller molecules
Characteristics of carrier proteins - ANS ✔- slower
- take larger molecules
Neural control
- specificity
- nature of signal
- speed
, - duration
- stimulus intensity - ANS ✔- specificity: single target
- nature of signal: cell to cell
- speed: very rapid
- duration: short
- stimulus intensity: each signal is identical in strength
Endocrine control
- specificity
- nature of signal
- speed
- duration
- stimulus intensity - ANS ✔- specificity: depends on which cells have receptors for a hormone
- nature of signal: chemical signals secreted in the blood for distribution throughout the body
- speed: slow
- duration: long
- stimulus intensity: depends on the amount of hormones secreted
What is cascade? - ANS ✔a signal will activate a substrate and that activated substrate will
activate another substrate
What is amplification? - ANS ✔one ligand is amplified into many intracellular molecules
Why is calcium an important ion? - ANS ✔- important intracellular signal
- enters through gated channels
- creates a calcium spark