SPCE 609 Exam 4 || Final Exam Edition: Pass with A+
Accuracy!!
Behavior analysts define a _______ as a contingent consequence that decreases the future
probability of behavior below its pre-punishment level correct answers punisher
Punishers are contingent consequences, so they happen __________________ behavior.
correct answers after
The effect of a reinforcer is that is _______ the future probability of behavior, whereas the
effect of a punisher is that is ______ the future probability of behavior correct answers
increases; decreases
The process or procedure whereby a punisher decreases the future probability of an operant
response is _________ correct answers punishment
A car thief is convicted and put in prison. They are unable to steal cars for the duration of
their sentence. Based on this information alone, can we classify the prison sentence as a
punisher? correct answers No, the rate of car thievery may be unaffected when the
consequence is removed
Positive reinforcers __________ and negative reinforcers __________ the future probability
of behavior correct answers increase; increase
Positive punishers __________ and negative punishers __________ the future probability of
behavior correct answers decrease; decrease
When a positive punisher is delivered, a stimulus is _________________. When a
_________________ punisher occurs, a stimulus is removed, reduced, or prevented. correct
answers added; negative
Punishment is used in clinical settings when behavior is ______ to oneself or others. correct
answers harmful
When designing an effective intervention that will include punishment, it's important to
identify the ________ that maintained the problem behavior correct answers reinforcer
When the reinforcer maintaining problem behavior has been identified, the behavior analyst
designing the punishment-based intervention will explore procedures that can
_______________ the efficacy of those reinforcers. If the reinforcer can be weakened, the
punisher will be more effective. correct answers decrease
An effective punishment-based intervention will combine punishment with
________________ or ________________. correct answers extinction; differential
reinforcement
Punishers are more effective when delivered ______________________ after the problem
behavior occurs. correct answers immediately
, If it's impossible to deliver the punisher immediately, then the next best practice is to clarify
the _________ relation between the past behavior and present punisher correct answers
contingent
Punishers are effective only when they are delivered __________________ on the problem
behavior. correct answers contingently
In the Oliver et al. (1974) study, noncontingent punishment actually ___________________
the future probability of aggressive behavior. correct answers increased
Punishing a problem behavior every once in a while is not an effective way to use
punishment. Instead, punishers should follow _________ instance of problem behavior.
correct answers every
Arranging the least-restrictive punishment contingency means finding a punisher in the
Goldilocks zone. That is, the punisher should not be too ______________, nor should it be so
benign that it does not decrease problem behavior. correct answers aversive
Characteristics of effective punishment interventions correct answers 1. Identify
reinforcement first
2. Combine punishment with extinction and/or DR
3. Deliver punishers immediately
4. Deliver punishment contingently
5. Punish every time
6. Use punisher in the Goldilocks zone
A _________________ is a contingent consequence that functions as a punisher because, in
the evolutionary past of the species, this consequence decreased the chances of survival.
correct answers primary punisher
_________ signal a delay reduction to a backup punisher correct answers conditioned
punisher
principles of effective punishment correct answers 1. US is phylogenetically important
2. CS is highly salient
3. CS signals a large delay reduction to US
4. CS is not redundant
_________ is a signaled response-contingent suspension of a positive reinforcement
contingency, the effect of which is to decrease future probability of problem behavior correct
answers time out from positive reinforcement
the data suggests one should provide ______ verbal warning(s) before administering time out
from positive reinforcement correct answers no more than 1
time out from positive reinforcement will not reduce problem behavior if (during time out),
the availability of ________ is not reduced correct answers reinforcement
In applied settings, behavior analysts refer to negative punishers as ____________. These
involve a response-contingent reduction or removal of a stimulus that functions as a positive
Accuracy!!
Behavior analysts define a _______ as a contingent consequence that decreases the future
probability of behavior below its pre-punishment level correct answers punisher
Punishers are contingent consequences, so they happen __________________ behavior.
correct answers after
The effect of a reinforcer is that is _______ the future probability of behavior, whereas the
effect of a punisher is that is ______ the future probability of behavior correct answers
increases; decreases
The process or procedure whereby a punisher decreases the future probability of an operant
response is _________ correct answers punishment
A car thief is convicted and put in prison. They are unable to steal cars for the duration of
their sentence. Based on this information alone, can we classify the prison sentence as a
punisher? correct answers No, the rate of car thievery may be unaffected when the
consequence is removed
Positive reinforcers __________ and negative reinforcers __________ the future probability
of behavior correct answers increase; increase
Positive punishers __________ and negative punishers __________ the future probability of
behavior correct answers decrease; decrease
When a positive punisher is delivered, a stimulus is _________________. When a
_________________ punisher occurs, a stimulus is removed, reduced, or prevented. correct
answers added; negative
Punishment is used in clinical settings when behavior is ______ to oneself or others. correct
answers harmful
When designing an effective intervention that will include punishment, it's important to
identify the ________ that maintained the problem behavior correct answers reinforcer
When the reinforcer maintaining problem behavior has been identified, the behavior analyst
designing the punishment-based intervention will explore procedures that can
_______________ the efficacy of those reinforcers. If the reinforcer can be weakened, the
punisher will be more effective. correct answers decrease
An effective punishment-based intervention will combine punishment with
________________ or ________________. correct answers extinction; differential
reinforcement
Punishers are more effective when delivered ______________________ after the problem
behavior occurs. correct answers immediately
, If it's impossible to deliver the punisher immediately, then the next best practice is to clarify
the _________ relation between the past behavior and present punisher correct answers
contingent
Punishers are effective only when they are delivered __________________ on the problem
behavior. correct answers contingently
In the Oliver et al. (1974) study, noncontingent punishment actually ___________________
the future probability of aggressive behavior. correct answers increased
Punishing a problem behavior every once in a while is not an effective way to use
punishment. Instead, punishers should follow _________ instance of problem behavior.
correct answers every
Arranging the least-restrictive punishment contingency means finding a punisher in the
Goldilocks zone. That is, the punisher should not be too ______________, nor should it be so
benign that it does not decrease problem behavior. correct answers aversive
Characteristics of effective punishment interventions correct answers 1. Identify
reinforcement first
2. Combine punishment with extinction and/or DR
3. Deliver punishers immediately
4. Deliver punishment contingently
5. Punish every time
6. Use punisher in the Goldilocks zone
A _________________ is a contingent consequence that functions as a punisher because, in
the evolutionary past of the species, this consequence decreased the chances of survival.
correct answers primary punisher
_________ signal a delay reduction to a backup punisher correct answers conditioned
punisher
principles of effective punishment correct answers 1. US is phylogenetically important
2. CS is highly salient
3. CS signals a large delay reduction to US
4. CS is not redundant
_________ is a signaled response-contingent suspension of a positive reinforcement
contingency, the effect of which is to decrease future probability of problem behavior correct
answers time out from positive reinforcement
the data suggests one should provide ______ verbal warning(s) before administering time out
from positive reinforcement correct answers no more than 1
time out from positive reinforcement will not reduce problem behavior if (during time out),
the availability of ________ is not reduced correct answers reinforcement
In applied settings, behavior analysts refer to negative punishers as ____________. These
involve a response-contingent reduction or removal of a stimulus that functions as a positive
