Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 12th Edition —
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Care for Children
Key Concept: Use of morbidity/mortality data in planning
health education
Question Stem: A clinic nurse plans a community teaching
session using morbidity and mortality data. Which
information does this data best provide to guide planning?
A. Average cost of treatments for each condition
B. Which groups are at higher risk for specific health
problems
C. Step-by-step treatment protocols for illnesses
D. Individual family genetic risk profiles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Morbidity/mortality statistics identify
groups at higher risk for specific conditions and help
prioritize prevention and education. (Wong, Ch. 1 —
Health Care for Children section).
A Incorrect: Cost data is not provided by
morbidity/mortality statistics and requires health
economics sources.
C Incorrect: Treatment protocols are clinical guidelines, not
population morbidity/mortality reports.
, D Incorrect: Individual genetic risk requires family/genetic
assessment, not aggregated morbidity data.
Teaching Point: Mortality/morbidity data identify at-risk
populations for targeted health promotion.
2. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Promotion — Nutrition
Key Concept: Timing of introducing complementary foods
to infants
Question Stem: When advising parents about starting
complementary (solid) foods, the nurse should
recommend beginning at approximately:
A. 2–3 months
B. 4–6 months
C. 8–10 months
D. After 12 months only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Complementary foods are typically
introduced when infants show developmental readiness—
around 4–6 months—while continuing breastfeeding as
appropriate. (Wong, Ch. 1 — Health Promotion: Nutrition).
A Incorrect: 2–3 months is too early; digestive readiness
and head control are usually absent.
C Incorrect: Waiting until 8–10 months may delay exposure
to textures and increase feeding difficulties.
, D Incorrect: Waiting until after 12 months is unnecessary
for most healthy infants and can risk nutrient gaps.
Teaching Point: Begin solids when developmental signs of
readiness appear, usually 4–6 months.
3. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Promotion — Oral Health
Key Concept: Prevention of early childhood caries
Question Stem: A mother asks how to reduce her toddler’s
risk of dental caries. Which nursing recommendation is
most appropriate?
A. Offer fruit juice in a bottle at bedtime for comfort
B. Clean erupting teeth with a soft cloth and avoid bedtime
bottles with juice
C. Delay the child’s first dental visit until age 4
D. Avoid fluoride entirely until adult teeth erupt
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Early oral hygiene (cleaning erupting
teeth) and avoiding bedtime bottles with juice prevent
prolonged sugar exposure and dental caries. (Wong, Ch. 1
— Health Promotion: Oral Health).
A Incorrect: Bedtime juice in a bottle increases caries risk
due to prolonged sugar exposure.
C Incorrect: Early dental visits (by first tooth or by 1 year)
are recommended for prevention and anticipatory
, guidance.
D Incorrect: Fluoride use is evidence-based for caries
prevention as advised by dental guidelines; blanket
avoidance is unsupported.
Teaching Point: Start tooth cleaning early and eliminate
bedtime sugary drinks to prevent caries.
4. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Childhood Health Problems — Obesity & Type 2
Diabetes
Key Concept: Pediatric obesity definition by BMI percentile
Question Stem: In children ages 2–19, obesity is defined
by which BMI percentile for age and sex?
A. ≥85th percentile
B. ≥90th percentile
C. ≥95th percentile
D. ≥75th percentile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale (Correct): Pediatric obesity is defined as BMI at
or above the 95th percentile for age and sex, used to
identify risk for metabolic complications. (Wong, Ch. 1 —
Childhood Health Problems: Obesity & Type 2 Diabetes).
CDC
A Incorrect: The 85th–94th percentiles indicate
overweight, not obesity.
Chapter 1: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing.
1. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Care for Children
Key Concept: Use of morbidity/mortality data in planning
health education
Question Stem: A clinic nurse plans a community teaching
session using morbidity and mortality data. Which
information does this data best provide to guide planning?
A. Average cost of treatments for each condition
B. Which groups are at higher risk for specific health
problems
C. Step-by-step treatment protocols for illnesses
D. Individual family genetic risk profiles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Morbidity/mortality statistics identify
groups at higher risk for specific conditions and help
prioritize prevention and education. (Wong, Ch. 1 —
Health Care for Children section).
A Incorrect: Cost data is not provided by
morbidity/mortality statistics and requires health
economics sources.
C Incorrect: Treatment protocols are clinical guidelines, not
population morbidity/mortality reports.
, D Incorrect: Individual genetic risk requires family/genetic
assessment, not aggregated morbidity data.
Teaching Point: Mortality/morbidity data identify at-risk
populations for targeted health promotion.
2. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Promotion — Nutrition
Key Concept: Timing of introducing complementary foods
to infants
Question Stem: When advising parents about starting
complementary (solid) foods, the nurse should
recommend beginning at approximately:
A. 2–3 months
B. 4–6 months
C. 8–10 months
D. After 12 months only
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Complementary foods are typically
introduced when infants show developmental readiness—
around 4–6 months—while continuing breastfeeding as
appropriate. (Wong, Ch. 1 — Health Promotion: Nutrition).
A Incorrect: 2–3 months is too early; digestive readiness
and head control are usually absent.
C Incorrect: Waiting until 8–10 months may delay exposure
to textures and increase feeding difficulties.
, D Incorrect: Waiting until after 12 months is unnecessary
for most healthy infants and can risk nutrient gaps.
Teaching Point: Begin solids when developmental signs of
readiness appear, usually 4–6 months.
3. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Health Promotion — Oral Health
Key Concept: Prevention of early childhood caries
Question Stem: A mother asks how to reduce her toddler’s
risk of dental caries. Which nursing recommendation is
most appropriate?
A. Offer fruit juice in a bottle at bedtime for comfort
B. Clean erupting teeth with a soft cloth and avoid bedtime
bottles with juice
C. Delay the child’s first dental visit until age 4
D. Avoid fluoride entirely until adult teeth erupt
Correct Answer: B
Rationale (Correct): Early oral hygiene (cleaning erupting
teeth) and avoiding bedtime bottles with juice prevent
prolonged sugar exposure and dental caries. (Wong, Ch. 1
— Health Promotion: Oral Health).
A Incorrect: Bedtime juice in a bottle increases caries risk
due to prolonged sugar exposure.
C Incorrect: Early dental visits (by first tooth or by 1 year)
are recommended for prevention and anticipatory
, guidance.
D Incorrect: Fluoride use is evidence-based for caries
prevention as advised by dental guidelines; blanket
avoidance is unsupported.
Teaching Point: Start tooth cleaning early and eliminate
bedtime sugary drinks to prevent caries.
4. Chapter 1 – Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Section: Childhood Health Problems — Obesity & Type 2
Diabetes
Key Concept: Pediatric obesity definition by BMI percentile
Question Stem: In children ages 2–19, obesity is defined
by which BMI percentile for age and sex?
A. ≥85th percentile
B. ≥90th percentile
C. ≥95th percentile
D. ≥75th percentile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale (Correct): Pediatric obesity is defined as BMI at
or above the 95th percentile for age and sex, used to
identify risk for metabolic complications. (Wong, Ch. 1 —
Childhood Health Problems: Obesity & Type 2 Diabetes).
CDC
A Incorrect: The 85th–94th percentiles indicate
overweight, not obesity.
