PSY 121 Exam 3 Study Guide 2025-2026 With
Complete Questions and Correct Answers | Graded
A+ And Brand New
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus,
becomes a(n) ___________________ in classical conditioning. - answer-
-conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon
gummy candies, even though they always make her mouth water. One
day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little
white bag that looks like a candy shop bag. Jade notices that her mouth
is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the
unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. - answer--sour
lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary
glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In
terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as
a(n) ____________________. - answer--unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was
presented to the boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which
eventually led Albert to cry when presented with the rat. In this
experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat was a(n)
___________ response. - answer--conditioned
,In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares
you. Lightning always comes before the thunder and after time, you
begin to flinch as soon as the lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning
can be interpreted as a(n) __________________. - answer--conditioned
stimulus
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned
stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - answer--
extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She
rings the bell every fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for
Whiskers. It salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at the
sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to
the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this
response? - answer--Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in
_______________________. - answer--both operant and classical
conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a
behavior. - answer--Positive
,Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV
about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack,
but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's
avoidance of spiders is being ____________________. - answer--
negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from
the table. Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding
voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using _________________. -
answer--positive punishment
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant
stimuli (e.g., attention from others) from the individual. This is called
__________________. - answer--negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of
reinforcement, that schedule is called a _____ schedule. - answer--ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response
rate? - answer--Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by
rewarding the small steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. -
answer--Chaining
, Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster
when it walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches
the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble
and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates _______. - answer--
shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new
responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic
behavior is called _______________________. - answer--applied
behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At
the end of the year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to
attend a pizza party. What behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? -
answer--Token economy
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are
not excited about is an example of ___________________. - answer--
the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular
action, but also if an animal observes another animal (or human)
engaging in the same action. - answer--mirror
Complete Questions and Correct Answers | Graded
A+ And Brand New
The neural stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus,
becomes a(n) ___________________ in classical conditioning. - answer-
-conditioned stimulus
Every week, Jade spends her allowance on 1/2-pound of sour lemon
gummy candies, even though they always make her mouth water. One
day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little
white bag that looks like a candy shop bag. Jade notices that her mouth
is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the
unconditioned stimulus is the __________________. - answer--sour
lemon gummy candy
Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary
glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In
terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as
a(n) ____________________. - answer--unconditioned response
In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was
presented to the boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which
eventually led Albert to cry when presented with the rat. In this
experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat was a(n)
___________ response. - answer--conditioned
,In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares
you. Lightning always comes before the thunder and after time, you
begin to flinch as soon as the lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning
can be interpreted as a(n) __________________. - answer--conditioned
stimulus
In classical conditioning, __________ occurs when the conditioned
stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. - answer--
extinction
Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She
rings the bell every fifteen minutes and doesn't follow it with food for
Whiskers. It salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at the
sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to
the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this
response? - answer--Spontaneous recovery
Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in
_______________________. - answer--both operant and classical
conditioning
_______ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a
behavior. - answer--Positive
,Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV
about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack,
but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's
avoidance of spiders is being ____________________. - answer--
negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down
Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from
the table. Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding
voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using _________________. -
answer--positive punishment
Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant
stimuli (e.g., attention from others) from the individual. This is called
__________________. - answer--negative punishment
When the number of responses is important to a schedule of
reinforcement, that schedule is called a _____ schedule. - answer--ratio
Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response
rate? - answer--Fixed ratio
________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by
rewarding the small steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. -
answer--Chaining
, Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster
when it walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches
the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble
and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates _______. - answer--
shaping
The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new
responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic
behavior is called _______________________. - answer--applied
behavior analysis
Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At
the end of the year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to
attend a pizza party. What behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? -
answer--Token economy
Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are
not excited about is an example of ___________________. - answer--
the Premack principle
A ______ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular
action, but also if an animal observes another animal (or human)
engaging in the same action. - answer--mirror
