COMAT FBS [ACTUAL EXAM] LATEST VERSION [QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS] WITH PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
SAVE
allergic |rhinitis |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER APCs |(dendritics) |at |mucosal
|surfaces |present |peptides |from |allergens |to |MHC-II |= |ligand |for |naive |CD4 |= |Th2
|activation |and |cytokine |secretion |/ |B |cell |isotype |switching |= |IgE |and |eosino/mast/neutro
|proliferation
IgE |binds |to |mast |cells |/ |basophils
allergic |rhinitis |early |reaction |- |CORRECT | ANSWER w/in |30min, |type |I |HS
IgE |binds |mast |cells |= |secretes |histamine, |prostaglandins, |leukotrienes
allergic |rhinitis |late |reaction |- |CORRECT | ANSWER w/in |6hr
via |eosinophil |chemotaxis |; |inflamm |cells/eosinos/masts/Ts |break |down |and |remodel
|nasal |mucosa |= |nasal |obstruction
anaphylaxis |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER first |exposure |= |IgE |Abs
second |exposure |= |Ag's |bind |IgE |Ab's |on |masts |= |large |histamine |release
at |CV, |skin, |lungs |= |severe |O2 |deficiency |at |brain
hypersensitivity |types |- |CORRECT | ANSWER 1. |IgE-mediated |(allergies, |asthma,
|anaphylaxis)
2. Cytotoxic |ANTIBODY-mediated |(IgM, |IgG) |(bullous |pemphigoid, |autoimmune
|hemolytic |anemia, |good |pasture)
3. Immune |COMPLEX-mediated |(Ag-Ab) |(SLE, |arthus |reaction, |serums |sickness)
4. Delayed-type |T |cell/MQ-mediated |(allergic |contact |dermatitis |, |TB, |transplant
|rejection)
(5. |Autoimmune |RECEPTOR-mediated |(IgM, |IgG))
anemia |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER via |blood |loss |that |causes |iron |deficiency,
|hemolysis, |or |reduced |erythropoiesis
,hypochromic |microcytic |anemia |associated |conditions |- |CORRECT | ANSWER iron
|deficiency |anemia
thalassemia |MINOR |(only |abn |is |Hb |electrophoresis)
lead |poisoning |(prominent |basophilic |stippling)
chronic |infection
iron |deficiency |anemia |- |CORRECT | ANSWER hypochromic |microcytic, |"cigar |cells"
milk |babies
high |bilirubin |w |a |high |reticulocyte |count |relates |to |- |CORRECT | ANSWER hemolytic
|anemia
thalassemia |major |- |CORRECT | ANSWER associated |w |severe |hemolytic |anemia
hyperplasia/expansion |of |bones |via |increased |marrow |space |to |accommodate |= |RBC
|overproduction
chronic |hypoxia
anesthesia |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER activate |inhibitory |CNS |receptors
|(GABA[A])
inactivate |excitatory |presynaptic |voltage-gated |sodium |channels |in |glutamatergic |synapse
anesthesia:
associated |receptors |/ |agents |(6) |- |CORRECT | ANSWER activate |GABA(A |[a-1/BZ1
|and |a-2/BZ2) |Cl- |channels |= |hyperpolarizes |= |inhibits |CNS
NMDA |receptor |antagonist |(ketamine)
opioid |rector |agonists |(Mu, |kappa, |delta)
two-pore |potassium |channel |(K[2P]s) |activation |= |hyperpolarizes |= |inhibits |CNS
alpha-2 |adrenergic |receptor |agonist |(guanfacine, |clonidine, |tizanidine)
dopamine |receptor |antagonists |(antipsychs)
, four |stages |of |anesthesia |- |CORRECT | ANSWER 1: |analgesia |(motion |/ |breathing
|reduced, |amnesia, |euphoria)
2: |excitement |(delirium, |combative |behavior, |still |reactive |to |touch)
3: |surgical |anesthesia |(unconsciousness, |loss |of |equilibrium, |decreasing |eye
|movement, |NOT |reactive |to |touch)
4: |medullary |depression |/ |death |(resp |/ |cardiac |depression |/ |arrest, |NO |eye |movement)
what |type |of |hypersensitivity |is |asthma |- |CORRECT | ANSWER type |I: |IgE-mediated
asthma |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Type |I |IgE-mediated
allergens/viruses/exercise |= |REVERSIBLE |and |RECURRENT |SMOOTH |MM |spasms |at
|SMALL |bronchioles |and |increased |mucus |= |airway |restriction
chronicity |= |airway |remodeling |(permanent |structural |changes |in |smooth |mm/collagen)
bullous |pemphigoid |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Type |II |cytotoxic |antibody-mediated
IgG |autoAb's |targeting |DYSTONIN |= |anti-HEMIDESMOSOME |Ab's |= |loss |of
|KERATINOCYTES |to |basement |membrane |adhesion
Candidiasis |treatment |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Fluconazole
cellulitis |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER via |GAS, |S |aureus, |MRSA
flora |infects |breaks |through |skin
spread |into |fascial |lining |= |necrotizing |fasciitis
S |aureus |= |furuncles, |carbuncles, |abscesses
chlamydia |trachomatis |treatment |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Doxycycline |(+ |ceftriaxone
|for |gonorrhea |coinfection)
azithromycin |(for |trachoma)
contractions |mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER | non-pregnant |(menstrual |cycle): |at
|sub-endometrial |layer |of |estrogen/progesterone |receptor-rich |myometrium |; |frequency
|increases |toward |ovulation, |and |decreases |in |luteal |phase |for |possible |implantation
labor: |via |oxytocin |positive |feedback |; |prostaglandins |/ |inflamm |mediators |= |encourage
|myometrial |contractions |and |gap |junction |/ |connexin-43 |expression
ANSWERS] WITH PRACTICE EXAM DETAILED AND VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS- LATEST UPDATE 2025 GRADED A
SAVE
allergic |rhinitis |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER APCs |(dendritics) |at |mucosal
|surfaces |present |peptides |from |allergens |to |MHC-II |= |ligand |for |naive |CD4 |= |Th2
|activation |and |cytokine |secretion |/ |B |cell |isotype |switching |= |IgE |and |eosino/mast/neutro
|proliferation
IgE |binds |to |mast |cells |/ |basophils
allergic |rhinitis |early |reaction |- |CORRECT | ANSWER w/in |30min, |type |I |HS
IgE |binds |mast |cells |= |secretes |histamine, |prostaglandins, |leukotrienes
allergic |rhinitis |late |reaction |- |CORRECT | ANSWER w/in |6hr
via |eosinophil |chemotaxis |; |inflamm |cells/eosinos/masts/Ts |break |down |and |remodel
|nasal |mucosa |= |nasal |obstruction
anaphylaxis |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER first |exposure |= |IgE |Abs
second |exposure |= |Ag's |bind |IgE |Ab's |on |masts |= |large |histamine |release
at |CV, |skin, |lungs |= |severe |O2 |deficiency |at |brain
hypersensitivity |types |- |CORRECT | ANSWER 1. |IgE-mediated |(allergies, |asthma,
|anaphylaxis)
2. Cytotoxic |ANTIBODY-mediated |(IgM, |IgG) |(bullous |pemphigoid, |autoimmune
|hemolytic |anemia, |good |pasture)
3. Immune |COMPLEX-mediated |(Ag-Ab) |(SLE, |arthus |reaction, |serums |sickness)
4. Delayed-type |T |cell/MQ-mediated |(allergic |contact |dermatitis |, |TB, |transplant
|rejection)
(5. |Autoimmune |RECEPTOR-mediated |(IgM, |IgG))
anemia |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER via |blood |loss |that |causes |iron |deficiency,
|hemolysis, |or |reduced |erythropoiesis
,hypochromic |microcytic |anemia |associated |conditions |- |CORRECT | ANSWER iron
|deficiency |anemia
thalassemia |MINOR |(only |abn |is |Hb |electrophoresis)
lead |poisoning |(prominent |basophilic |stippling)
chronic |infection
iron |deficiency |anemia |- |CORRECT | ANSWER hypochromic |microcytic, |"cigar |cells"
milk |babies
high |bilirubin |w |a |high |reticulocyte |count |relates |to |- |CORRECT | ANSWER hemolytic
|anemia
thalassemia |major |- |CORRECT | ANSWER associated |w |severe |hemolytic |anemia
hyperplasia/expansion |of |bones |via |increased |marrow |space |to |accommodate |= |RBC
|overproduction
chronic |hypoxia
anesthesia |mechanism |- |CORRECT | ANSWER activate |inhibitory |CNS |receptors
|(GABA[A])
inactivate |excitatory |presynaptic |voltage-gated |sodium |channels |in |glutamatergic |synapse
anesthesia:
associated |receptors |/ |agents |(6) |- |CORRECT | ANSWER activate |GABA(A |[a-1/BZ1
|and |a-2/BZ2) |Cl- |channels |= |hyperpolarizes |= |inhibits |CNS
NMDA |receptor |antagonist |(ketamine)
opioid |rector |agonists |(Mu, |kappa, |delta)
two-pore |potassium |channel |(K[2P]s) |activation |= |hyperpolarizes |= |inhibits |CNS
alpha-2 |adrenergic |receptor |agonist |(guanfacine, |clonidine, |tizanidine)
dopamine |receptor |antagonists |(antipsychs)
, four |stages |of |anesthesia |- |CORRECT | ANSWER 1: |analgesia |(motion |/ |breathing
|reduced, |amnesia, |euphoria)
2: |excitement |(delirium, |combative |behavior, |still |reactive |to |touch)
3: |surgical |anesthesia |(unconsciousness, |loss |of |equilibrium, |decreasing |eye
|movement, |NOT |reactive |to |touch)
4: |medullary |depression |/ |death |(resp |/ |cardiac |depression |/ |arrest, |NO |eye |movement)
what |type |of |hypersensitivity |is |asthma |- |CORRECT | ANSWER type |I: |IgE-mediated
asthma |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Type |I |IgE-mediated
allergens/viruses/exercise |= |REVERSIBLE |and |RECURRENT |SMOOTH |MM |spasms |at
|SMALL |bronchioles |and |increased |mucus |= |airway |restriction
chronicity |= |airway |remodeling |(permanent |structural |changes |in |smooth |mm/collagen)
bullous |pemphigoid |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Type |II |cytotoxic |antibody-mediated
IgG |autoAb's |targeting |DYSTONIN |= |anti-HEMIDESMOSOME |Ab's |= |loss |of
|KERATINOCYTES |to |basement |membrane |adhesion
Candidiasis |treatment |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Fluconazole
cellulitis |pathophysiology |- |CORRECT | ANSWER via |GAS, |S |aureus, |MRSA
flora |infects |breaks |through |skin
spread |into |fascial |lining |= |necrotizing |fasciitis
S |aureus |= |furuncles, |carbuncles, |abscesses
chlamydia |trachomatis |treatment |- |CORRECT | ANSWER Doxycycline |(+ |ceftriaxone
|for |gonorrhea |coinfection)
azithromycin |(for |trachoma)
contractions |mechanism |- |CORRECT |ANSWER | non-pregnant |(menstrual |cycle): |at
|sub-endometrial |layer |of |estrogen/progesterone |receptor-rich |myometrium |; |frequency
|increases |toward |ovulation, |and |decreases |in |luteal |phase |for |possible |implantation
labor: |via |oxytocin |positive |feedback |; |prostaglandins |/ |inflamm |mediators |= |encourage
|myometrial |contractions |and |gap |junction |/ |connexin-43 |expression
