NURS 3550 - Week 3 Test Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update

NURS 3550 - Week 3 Test Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update Alpha1 - Answers Ocular a1 - dilate pupil; Blood vessels - vasoconstriction; male sex organs - ejaculation; smooth muscle of bladder - contraction. Alpha2 - Answers Regulate transmitter release (& prevent release where there is too much transmitter in the synaptic gap). Beta1 - Answers Cardiac b1 - ↑HR & force of contraction & speed of cardiac impulse (for HR and rhythm); renal b1 - release renin to blood (helps with vasoconstriction & ↑BP). Beta2 - Answers Lung - bronchial dilation; Uterus - relaxation of uterine smooth muscle; Arterioles - vasodilation; Skeletal muscle - contraction; Liver & Skeletal muscle - glycogenolysis. Dopamine - Answers Dilates renal blood vessels to increase perfusion. Adrenergic Agonists - Answers Activate adrenergic receptors; called 'sympathomimetics'. Direct receptor binding - Answers Most common mechanism to activate adrenergic receptors. Catecholamines - Answers Made of a catechol group & an amine; inactivated by MAO and COMT. Non-catecholamines - Answers Different structure (no catechol group molecule); slower metabolism by MAO; oral administration possible. Epinephrine - Answers Activates a1, a2, b1, b2 receptors; catecholamine. Norepinephrine - Answers Catecholamine that activates a1, a2, b1 receptors. Isoproterenol - Answers Catecholamine that activates a1, a2 receptors. Albuterol - Answers Non-catecholamine that selectively activates b2 receptors. Phenylephrine - Answers Non-catecholamine that activates a1 receptors. Vasoconstriction - Answers Therapeutic response for skin, viscera, mucous membranes. Mydriasis - Answers Pupil dilation; use is rare. Hemostasis - Answers Stop bleeding (skin, mucous membranes) [ex: Epi]. Nasal decongestion - Answers Vasoconstricts nasal mucosa. Bradycardia - Answers Hypertension (from a1 drug) can trigger baroreceptor reflex. Necrosis (IV) - Answers Infiltration from bv into tissue from vasoconstriction. Alpha2 Activation - Answers Inhibits NE release; peripheral clinical significance is minimal. Beta1 Activation - Answers Important responses are from activation of receptors in the heart. Shock - Answers Dilates renal blood vessels and improves perfusion (↓ risk of renal failure). Adverse Effects of Beta1 Agonists - Answers Altered Heart Rate/Heart Rhythm: tachycardia or abnormal rhythm from overstimulation of B1 receptors. Asthma - Answers Promote bronchodilation. Hyperglycemia - Answers B2 receptor activation in liver and skeletal muscles causes glycogenolysis. Tremor - Answers B2 on skeletal muscle causes contraction. Agonist Drug Prototype - Answers Epinephrine. Pharmacokinetics - Answers Route: topical, IM/IV; Halflife: short. MAO Inhibitors - Answers Enhance effects of epinephrine, often antidepressants.