Portage Biod 101 Module 6

1 PORTAGE BIOD 101 MODULE 6 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) Describe how prokaryotic cells store genetic material. Answer Non membrane bound nucleoid region. List TWO similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Answer plasma membrane, contain ribosomes to make proteins Describe how eukaryotic cells store genetic information. Answer Membrane bound nucleus Describe the role of the cell wall in a bacterial cell. Answer responsible for the shape of a cell, provides protection against environmental stressors List THREE accessory structures that facilitate movement and attachment in bacteria 2 Answer capsule, fimbriae, flagella Compare and contrast Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria regarding the amount of peptidoglycan present in their cell walls Answer Gram-positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, and Gram-negative bacteria have a thin layer of peptidoglycan Describe the Gram-stain process Answer First, a sample of the bacteria is stained with a crystal violet dye and iodine. Next, the sample is rinsed with alcohol to remove the unbound dyes. Finally, the sample is stained a second time with a red dye. The properties of the cell wall will determine how the dyes change the color of the cell, and determination of the type of bacteria can be made when the stained cells are viewed under a microscope. List and describe the most common bacterial shapes. Answer Cocci: spherical, bacilli: rod shaped, spiral: spiral shaped from a comma to corkscrew shape. 3 Spherical-shaped cells arranged in chains can be best described as? Answer Streptococci List the two MAIN branches of immunity and compare them by response time. Answer Answer: Innate immunity is rapid in its response, and adaptive immunity is slower in its response Discuss the role of complement proteins in innate immunity. Answer When in a dormant state, complement proteins freely circulate in the blood. The molecules on the surface of pathogens trigger the complement proteins to activate. Activation causes a process of biochemical reactions that results in the proteins forming a pore on the surface of the pathogen and lysing the pathogenic cell. Which cells are the most abundant and play a major role in the process of inflammation? Answer Neutrophils 4 Macrophages and dendritic cells are examples of Answer Monocytes List the TWO arms of adaptive immunity, and the cells found in each Answer Humoral response (B cells and associated antibodies), cell-mediated responses (T cells) What are virulence factors? List ONE virulence factor related to GAS. Answer agents used by a pathogen to establish successful colonization within a host. M-protein and a capsule. Klebsiella Pneumonia can be found commensally in what two tissues of the body? In what tissues would it turn into an opportunistic pathogen? Answer Mouth and gut, opportunistic in urinary tract, respiratory tract and open wounds Describe a capsule/glycocalyx